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"ABSTRAKMasih tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu di Kabupaten Bintan dan rendahnyaanggaran kesehatan masyarakat di daerah menyebabkan Puskesmas belummaksimal dalam menjalan fungsi strategisnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitiankualitatif dengan desain studi kasus yang bertujuan untuk melihat efektifitas BOKdalam percepatan MDGs di Kabupaten Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau tahun2011 dan Tahun 2012. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Bantuan OperasionalKesehatan belum efektif dalam mendukung percepatan MDGs. Hal ini disebabkankarena pegawai masih berorientasi pada uang lumpsum, peruntukkan kegiatanlebih besar diluar program tujuan MDGs dan menurunnya anggaran kesehatandari APBD setalah ada BOK. Saran: agar Dinas Kesehatan melakukan advokasikepada legislatif dan executive untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkananggaran kesehatan, melaksanakan pengawasan dan evaluasi terhadap kinerjaprogram yang dibiayai BOK dan meningkatkan pembinaan ke lapangan untukmemaksimalkan pencapaian MDGs 2015.

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ABSTRACTThe persistently high maternal mortality rate in the District of Bintan andlow areas of public health budget led health centers have not been up in runningthe strategic function. The study was a qualitative research design with casestudies that aim to see the effectiveness of the BOK in the acceleration of MDGsin Bintan regency in Riau Islands Province 2011 and Year 2012. Survey resultsrevealed that the Operational Health Support not been effective in supporting theacceleration of the MDGs. This is because employees are oriented journey?sexpences, greater activity outside the designated program goals MDGs anddeclining health budgets from existing budgets After BOK. Advice: HealthDepartment to advocate for legislative and executive to maintain and improve thehealth budget, supervise and evaluate the performance of programs financed byBOK and improve guidance to the field to maximize the achievement of theMDGs by 2015."

"This article examines the efforts and achievements of Oen Boen Ing, a Tionghoa doctor, to improve the quality of healt of the poorer inbitants of Surakarta. Dr Oen played an important role in five different periods: Duttch colonialism, the Japanese pccuption, the Indonesian revolution, Soekarno's regime, and Suharto's new order. Know for being a benevolent doctor, activist, and patriot of the revolution during his life-time, Dr Oen also gave medical assistance to the needy, which famously earned him the accolade of :doctor of the poor".During the Indonesian revolution, Dr Oen assisted the student Solidiers (tentara pelajar) and afterwand was appointed the member of supreme advisory council (dean pertimbangan agung/DPA) by Soekarno in1949. As a benevolent doctor and activist, Dr Oen is remebered for founding the pant kosala hospital after his passing. When he died, thausands of peoples gathered to pay their final respect to the doctor. He was honored with a ceremony conducted in the Mangkunegaran palace. Dr Oen's name wiil be eternally respected, especially in Surakarta."

"Pemberian bantuan kesehatan sipil dalam perkembangannya memegang peranan yang cukup penting di wilayah sengketa bersenjata yaitu untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas kesehatan yang menjamin hak orang-orang yang terluka dan sakit karena itu terdapat perlindungan yang diterapkan oleh hukum humaniter internasional. Namun, meski sudah dilindungi oleh hukum, akhir-akhir ini para pihak pemberi bantuan kesehatan sipil seringkali masih diserang oleh para peserta konflik bersejata sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian materi, dan bahkan nyawa. Skripsi ini adalah penelitian yuridis-normatif yang akan membahas Hukum Humaniter Internasional yang melindungi pemberian bantuan kesehatan sipil secara melalui dua konsepsi, yaitu melalui perlindungan terhadap anggota dinas kesehatan sipil dan melalui perlindungan terhadap unit kesehatan sipil, yang terkandung dalam Konvensi Jenewa 1949 beserta protokol tambahannya serta hukum kebiasaan internasional. Melalui analisa kasus menggunakan sumber data dari kepustakaan dan wawancara, skripsi ini juga menyimpulkan masalah penerapan yang terjadi atas ketentuan-ketentuan yang melindungi pemberian bantuan kesehatan sipil di wilayah sengketa bersenjata. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat beberapa masalah penerapan yang terjadi karena beberapa ketentuan hukum humaniter internasional masih belum sempurna yang didukung dengan kurangnya kesadaran dan kepatuhan para peserta konflik. Karena itu, tatanan hukum yang ada perlu segera diperbaharui dengan cermat agar dapat menyelesaikann segala permasalahan penerapan yang ada. Segala macam publikasi dan gerakan sosial yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan para peserta konflik terhadap hukum humaniter internasional juga harus lebih banyak dilakukan.

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Civilian medical assistance in recent times hold an important role in armed conflict to execute medical duties that ensure the rights of sick and wounded persons, therefore, it is protected by International Humanitarian Law. But nowadays, even if it is protected by the law, the stakeholders of civilian medical assistance are still often being attacked by the parties of the conflict which caused material loss, or even the loss of life. This thesis is a juridicial normative research which examine the International Humanitarian Law that protects civilian medical assistance in two different ways, by the protection of civilian medical personnel and by the protection of civilian medical units, contained in the Geneva Convention of 1949 and its additional protocols along with the customary international law. Through case analysis using sources from literature and interview, this research tries to conclude the current implementation problems that have occurred over provisions protecting the civilian medical assistance in armed conflict. The results of this study indicates that there are several implementation problems because some provisions of international humanitarian law are still imperfect, along with the lack of awareness and compliance practiced by the parties of the conflict. Hence, the existing legal system should be modified thoroughly in order to resolve the existing implementation problems. Any kind of publications and social movements aimed to enhance the awareness and compliance of the parties to the conflict shall be done more often. "

"Throughout history, humanity has been plagued by a myriad of humanitarian crises that seemingly take the form of perpetual human suffering. Today, approximately 125,000,000 people require humanitarian assistance as the result of famine, war, geopolitical conflict, and natural disasters. A core component of this suffering is afflictions related to human health, where disturbances strain or overwhelm the existing healthcare infrastructure to create the conditions for an increase in morbidities and co-morbidities. One of the more startling elements is the loss of life to preventable medical conditions that were not properly treated or even diagnosed in the field, and is often due to the limited interventional capacity that medical teams and humanitarian practitioners have in these scenarios. These individuals are often hindered by medical equipment deficiencies or devices not meant to function in austere conditions. The development of highly versatile, feasible, and cost-effective medical devices and technologies that can be deployed in the field is essential to enhancing medical care in unconventional settings. In this book we examine the nature of the creative problem-solving paradigm, and dissect the intersection of frugal, disruptive, open, and reverse innovation processes in advancing humanitarian medicine. Specifically, we examine the feasible deployment of these devices and technologies in unconventional environments not only by humanitarian aid and disaster relief agencies, but also by crisis-affected communities themselves. The challenge is complex, but the financial support and technical development of innovative solutions for the delivery of humanitarian aid is a process in which everyone is a stakeholder."