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"Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk usia lanjut Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun menyebabkan makin meningkatnya masalah sosial dan penyakit, balk penyakit fisik maupun mental yang berhubungan dengan usia lanjut. Salah satu gangguan mental yang sering dikeluhkan oleh usia lanjut adalah kesulitan mengingat dan konsentrasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesulitan mengingat dan konsentrasi pada usia lanjut di Indonesia. Data yang dipakai pads penelitian ini adalah data Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional yang terintegrasi dengan Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga Tabun 2004.Dan basil diketahui bahwa prevalensi kesulitan mengingat dan konsentrasi di Indonesia adalah sebesar 12,5%. Diketahui bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesulitan mengingat dan konsentrasi adalah umur, kesulitan merawat din sendiri, tingkat keparahan perasaan sedih, rendah did dan tertekan, kesulitan melaksanakan aktivitas sosial, pendidikan, status perkawinan serta kebiasaan mengkonsurnsi buah clan sayur.

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Elderly population increases from year to year in Indonesia, and has caused many social problems in elderly, physical diseases and also mental diseases. One of the mental diseases in elderly is Subjective complaints of memory and concentration_ The goal of this research is to uncover the factors correlate with Subjective Complaints of Memory and Concentration in Indonesian elder people using a quantitative research with cross sectional design. Data resources in this research is a data of National Social Economic Survey integrated with Family Health Survey, year 2004.The result shown that prevalence of subjective complaints of memory and concentration is 12,5 %, known that factors correlate with subjective complaint of memory and concentration is age, disability in activity daily living, low self esteem and depression, disability in social activity, education, marital status, and behavior in consume fruits and vegetables."

"ABSTRAKLATAR BELAKANG. Memori kerja merupakan ranah kognisi yang bertanggungjawabterhadap sebagian besar masalah kognisi yang dialami seorangusia lanjut.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat mengisiSudoku terhadap fungsi memori kerja dan fungsi kognisi global usia lanjut. METODE. Desain studi adalah uji klinis tidak tersamar. Subjek merupakanwarga Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta yang diambil secarakonsekutif kemudian dibagi acak menjadi dua kelompok, perlakuan dan kontrol.Kelompok perlakuan melakukan latihan Sudoku 3x/minggu selama 12 minggu.Memori kerja dinilai dengan Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B), fungsi kognisiglobal dinilai dengan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi bahasa Indonesia(MoCA-Ina). HASIL. Terdapat 24 subjek pada kelompok perlakuan dan 27 subjek padakelompok kontrol. Terdapat 13 subjek yang memberikan kesan positif terhadaplatihan Sudoku. Penurunan waktu penyelesaian TMT-B sebesar 11,1 detik padakelompok perlakuan dan 18,8 detik pada kelompok kontrol, meskipun tidakdidapatkan perbedaan bermakna antar kedua kelompok (p = 0,816). Terdapat 8subjek (33,3%) dari kelompok perlakuan dan 11 subjek (40,7%) dari kelompokkontrol yang mengalami peningkatan nilaiMoCA-Ina (p = 0,530). KESIMPULAN. Sudoku belum terbukti dapat meningkatkan fungsi memorikerja dan fungsi kognisi global pada usia lanjut sehat, namun peningkatan fungsimemori kerja yang terlihat pada kedua kelompok menandakan adanya plastisitasneural pada usia lanjut yang bermanfaat untuk pemeliharaan fungsi kognitif.

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ABSTRACTBACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of thecognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was todetermine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so,whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains.METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects wereconsecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta afterseries of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version ofMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and TrailMaking Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group wasgiven 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises.RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects incontrol group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-Bcompletion time, although this difference were not statistically significant(experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on controlgroup had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reportedimprovements in memory, attention and concentration span.CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this presentstudy. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in resultprovides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of thecognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was todetermine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so,whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains.METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects wereconsecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta afterseries of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version ofMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and TrailMaking Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group wasgiven 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises.RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects incontrol group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-Bcompletion time, although this difference were not statistically significant(experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on controlgroup had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reportedimprovements in memory, attention and concentration span.CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this presentstudy. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in resultprovides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of thecognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was todetermine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so,whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains.METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects wereconsecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta afterseries of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version ofMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and TrailMaking Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group wasgiven 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises.RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects incontrol group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-Bcompletion time, although this difference were not statistically significant(experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on controlgroup had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reportedimprovements in memory, attention and concentration span.CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this presentstudy. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in resultprovides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of thecognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was todetermine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so,whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains.METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects wereconsecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta afterseries of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version ofMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and TrailMaking Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group wasgiven 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises.RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects incontrol group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-Bcompletion time, although this difference were not statistically significant(experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on controlgroup had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reportedimprovements in memory, attention and concentration span.CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this presentstudy. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in resultprovides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. "

"Teori evaluasi aprehensi dikuak dalam konteks berbicara di depan publik dan kinerja daya ingat, juga dengan memperhitungkan tingkat evaluasi dari publik. Tiga puluh partisipan diinstruksikan untuk mengingat 20 kata dalam 60 detik, serta untuk mengingat kata-kata tersebut kembali dalam 60 detik. Para partisipan diuji untuk mengingat sendirian, dengan kehadiran experimenter yang sedikit evaluatif, atau dengan kehadiran experimenter yang sangat evaluatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa partisipan dapat mengingat lebih banyak jumlah kata dalam kondisi sendirian dibandingkan dua kondisi lainnya. Tidak ada perbedaan ditemukan di dalam kondisi rendah evaluasi dan tinggi evaluasi. Penemuan-penemuan ini didukung oleh penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya mengenai teori evaluasi aprehensi. Penelitian di masa mendatang harus dapat membedakan antara rendah evaluasi dan tinggi evaluasi.......The effect of evaluation apprehension theory in public speaking context on verbal recall performance was explored, while taking into account low and high evaluation conditions.  Thirty participants were required to memorise a list of 20 words for 60 seconds and to recall them for another 60 seconds, either alone, with the presence of an inattentive experimenter or attentive experimenter.  Findings of this study revealed that participants recalled more words correctly in the alone condition compared to evaluation conditions.  There was no difference in recall performance between low and high evaluation condition.  These findings supported previous studies regarding evaluation apprehension theory.  Future studies should successfully distinguish low and high evaluation conditions."

"Proses penyidikan dalam kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas menjadi bagian penting untuk menentukan penyelesaian yang berkeadilan. Akan tetapi, polisi menyatakan bahwa memori mengenai kecelakaan yang diperoleh dari kesaksian sangat umum, tidak akurat, dan tidak lengkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh metode wawancara dan usia terhadap memori korban kecelakaan lalu lintas pada pengendara sepeda motor. Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental randomized factorial design 2 (metode wawancara: cognitive interview vs standard interview) x 2 (usia: remaja 14-16 tahun vs dewasa muda 20-25 tahun). Sebanyak 30 pengendara sepeda motor dewasa muda dan 27 pengendara sepeda motor remaja, diwawancarai baik dengan menggunakan metode cognitive interview atau metode standard interview. Memori diukur dari tiga kategori detail informasi yaitu event related details, central details, dan peripheral details. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari metode cognitive interview dan usia terhadap memori. Penggunaan metode cognitive interview menghasilkan detail informasi yang lebih banyak secara signifikan pada event related details daripada metode standard interview, terlepas dari kelompok usia. Selanjutnya, kelompok dewasa muda menghasilkan detail informasi yang lebih banyak secara signifikan daripada kelompok remaja. Kemudian, metode wawancara berinteraksi dengan usia dalam mempengaruhi memori pada event related details dan peripheral details. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlu memperhatikan faktor kelelahan, tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin, sudut pandang, dan jenis kecelakaan partisipan dalam menggali informasi peristiwa kecelakaan lalu lintas.......The investigation process in traffic accident incidents is an important part of determining a fair settlement justice. However, the police stated that the memory of the accident obtained from the testimony was very general, inaccurate, and incomplete. This study aims to examine the effect of the interview method and age on the memory of traffic accident victims on motorcycle riders. The study used a randomized factorial design experimental design 2 (interview method: cognitive interview vs standard interview) x 2 (age: adolescents 14-16 years old vs young adults 20-25 years old). A total of 30 young adult motorcycle riders and 27 adolescents motorcycle riders were interviewed using either the cognitive interview method or the standard interview method. Memory is measured by three categories of detailed information, namely event related details, central details, and peripheral details. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the cognitive interview method and age on memory. The use of the cognitive interview method resulted in significantly higher information detail on event related details than the standard interview method, regardless of age group. Furthermore, the young adult group produced significantly higher information detail than the adolescent group. Then, the interview method interacts with age in influencing memory on event related details and peripheral details. The implication of this research is that it is necessary to pay attention to the fatigue factor, education level, gender, point of view, and type of accident of participants in digging up information on traffic accident events."