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"This book presents exact, that is minimal, solutions to individual steps in the design process for Digital Microfluidic Biochips (DMFBs), as well as a one-pass approach that combines all these steps in a single process. All of the approaches discussed are based on a formal model that can easily be extended to cope with further design problems. In addition to the exact methods, heuristic approaches are provided and the complexity classes of various design problems are determined."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pola pencampuran dua aliran fluida yang memiliki sifat identik, yakni air, dengan satu aliran diberi pewarna sebagai indikator visual. Micromixer diperlukan karena pencampuran di saluran mikro sering terhambat oleh aliran laminar. Dengan adanya micromixer, proses pencampuran fluida dalam kanal mikro dapat berlangsung lebih cepat, efisien, dan tepat meskipun dalam skala yang sangat kecil. Kanal mikro yang digunakan memiliki struktur herringbone, yang dikenal mampu meningkatkan pencampuran secara pasif dalam kondisi aliran laminar. Metode penelitian melibatkan pengujian eksperimental menggunakan chip micromixer berstuktur herringbone, serta simulasi numerik untuk mendukung dan memverifikasi hasil yang diperoleh secara fisik. Laju alir divariasikan mulai dari 0,01 mL/menit hingga 1 mL/menit dengan konfigurasi dua syringe pump yang berjalan seimbang (rasio 1:1). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pencampuran hanya terjadi secara efektif pada laju alir antara 0,06 mL/menit hingga 0,05 mL/menit. Di atas rentang tersebut, waktu tinggal fluida terlalu singkat, sedangkan pada laju alir yang lebih rendah, energi aliran tidak cukup untuk mengaktifkan pola pencampuran yang diperlukan. Simulasi numerik akan dilakukan untuk menganalisa fenomena yang terjadi pada eksperimen. Berdasarkan hasil ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan pencampuran dalam sistem kanal mikro bergantung pada keseimbangan antara desain geometri, laju alir, dan dinamika aliran yang terjadi.

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This study was conducted to investigate the mixing patterns of two fluid streams with identical properties—namely, water—with one stream dyed as a visual indicator. A micromixer is necessary because mixing in microchannels is often hindered by laminar flow. With the use of a micromixer, fluid mixing in microchannels can proceed more quickly, efficiently, and accurately, even on a very small scale. The microchannel used in this study features a herringbone structure, which is known to enhance passive mixing under laminar flow conditions. The research method involved experimental testing using a herringbone-structured micromixer chip, as well as numerical simulations to support and verify the physical results. The flow rate was varied from 0.01 mL/min to 1 mL/min using two syringe pumps operating at a balanced ratio (1:1). Observations showed that effective mixing occurred only at flow rates between 0.05 mL/min and 0.06 mL/min. Above this range, the fluid residence time is too short, while at lower flow rates, the flow energy is insufficient to activate the required mixing patterns. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the phenomena observed in the experiments. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that successful mixing in microchannel systems depends on a balance between geometry design, flow rate, and flow dynamics."

"The book is mainly focused on micromachining of transparent materials which, due to the nonlinear absorption mechanism of ultrashort pulses, allows unique three-dimensional capabilities and can be exploited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities."