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"Penelitian ini menganalisis kelimpahan serta bentuk mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan dan insang ikan kerapu lumpur Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) di Tambak Desa Muara, Teluknaga, Tangerang. Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan ±4 jam setelah pemberian makan menggunakan alat pancing dengan kriteria sampel berukuran 300—400 g. Saluran pencernaan dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu lambung dan usus.  Mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan diamati dari air bilasan dan dinding permukaan masing-masing sampel. Setiap lambung dan usus dibedah untuk mengeluarkan isinya kemudian dibilas dengan 15 ml akuades. Sampel air bilasan diambil sebanyak 0,25 ml kemudian diletakkan pada gelas objek untuk diamati di bawah mikroskop. Saluran pencernaan yang telah dibilas selanjutnya dipotong menjadi 2 x 1 cm sampel lambung dan 3 cm sampel usus. Pengamatan insang dilakukan dengan memisahkan antar lembar insang dari lapisan terdalam hingga terluar. Partikel mikroplastik diukur menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan sebanyak 1.384 ± 197,95 partikel ind^-1 pada air bilasan lambung, 1.822 ± 292,79 partikel ind^-1 pada air bilasan usus, 103,24 ± 19,72 partikel ind^-1 pada dinding lambung dan 154,27 ± 26,42 partikel ind^-1 pada dinding usus. Kelimpahan mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada setiap lembar insang yakni 16,35 ± 2,8 partikel pada insang 1; 20,05 ± 3,1 partikel pada insang 2; 21,9 ± 2,9 partikel pada insang 3; dan 26,7 ± 3,4 partikel pada insang 4. Kisaran ukuran mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada seluruh sampel yakni 9—4.800 µm dengan kelimpahan tertinggi pada bentuk fiber. Terdapat perbedaan kelimpahan mikroplastik antara kedua bagian saluran pencernaan serta antara masing-masing lembar insang.

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This study analyzed the abundance and shape of microplastics in the digestive tract and gill of orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) in Muara Village Pond, Teluknaga, Tangerang. Fish sampling was carried out ±4 hours after feeding by using fishing line with weight criteria around 300—400 g. Digestive tract is divided into two parts which are stomach and gut. Microplastic in digestive tract was observed from rinsed water and the surface wall of each sample. Each stomach and gut were dissected to take out its content then they were rinsed with 15 ml distilled water. The rinse water sample was taken as much as 0,25 ml and then placed on object glass to be observed under a microscope. The digestive tract that has been rinsed with the distilled water then cut into 2 x 1 cm stomach sample and 3 cm gut sample. Gill observation was done by seperating gills from innermost to outermost layer. Microplastic particles were measured using the ImageJ application. The results showed the abundance of microplastic in digestive tract was 1.384 ± 197,95 particles ind^-1 in stomach rinsed water, 1.822 ± 292,79 particles ind^-1 in gut rinsed water, 103,24 ± 19,72 particles ind^-1 in stomach wall and 154,27 ± 26,42 particles ind^-1 in gut wall. Microplastics abundance which found in each gill were 16,35 ± 2,8 particles in 1^st gill; 20,05 ± 3,1 particles in 2^nd gill; 21,9 ± 2,9 particles in 3^rd gill and 26,7 ± 3,4 particles in 4^th gill. The range of microplastic sizes found in all samples was 9—4.800 µm with fiber as the most abundant shape. There was a difference in microplastic abundance between two parts of the digestive tract and between each gill.

 

 

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Abstrak

 

Ikan sapu-sapu merupakan salah satu ikan yang dapat dijumpai di Ciliwung dan mampu bertahan dari pencemaran pada perairan sehingga kerap dijadikan indikator biologis untuk  perairan tercemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan dan bentuk mikroplastik pada ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), air, dan sedimen di Ciliwung daerah Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan. Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan dengan jaring sebanyak 4 kali dan diambil 10 ekor. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada 5 titik. Insang dan saluran pencernaan di ekstraksi dan dihancurkan menggunakan HNO₃ 65%. Sampel air sebanyak 20 liter disaring dengan plankton net. Sampel sedimen diambil kemudian sampel dikeringkan di oven. Larutan NaCl jenuh ditambahkan untuk pengapungan mikroplastik pada tiap sampel insang, lambung, usus, air tersaring, dan sedimen kering. Sampel diletakkan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati bentuk dan jumlah mikroplastik di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan rata-rata mikroplastik pada Insang adalah 5.973 ± 1.087,85 partikel ind^-1, 5.250 ± 313,22 partikel ind^-1 pada lambung, 5.089 ± 253,79 partikel ind^-1 pada usus,  223,6 ± 46,12 partikel L^-1 pada air, dan 336.320 ± 38.087,68 partikel kg^-1 pada sedimen. Persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik terbesar pada insang, lambung, usus, dan sedimen adalah fragmen. Untuk sampel air, persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik terbesar adalah film.

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Abstract

 

Cattle fish is one of the fish that can be found in Ciliwung and is able tostand with pollution in the waters so it is often used as a biological indicator for polluted waters. This study aims to analyzed the abundance and shape of microplastics in the cattle fish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), water and sediments in Ciliwung, Srengseng Sawah, South Jakarta. Fish samples were taken with a net 4 times and 10 were taken. Water and sediment samples were taken at 5 points. Gills and digestive tract were extracted and crushed using 65% HNO3. A 20 liter water sample was filtered with a plankton net. The sediment sample was taken and then the sample was dried in an oven. A saturated NaCl solution was added for microplastic flotation on each sample of gills, stomach, intestines, filtered water, and dry sediment. The sample was placed in the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and then the shape and number of microplastics were observed under a microscope. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in gills was 5,973 ± 1087.85 ind-1 particles, 5,250 ± 313.22 ind-1 particles in the stomach, 5.089 ± 253.79 ind-1 particles in the intestine, 223.6 ± 46 , 12 particles of L-1 in water, and 336,320 ± 38,087.68 particles of kg-1 in sediment. The largest percentage of microplastic form compositions in gills, stomach, intestines, and sediments are fragments. For water samples, the largest percentage composition of the microplastic form is film.

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