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"Tujuan dari Tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kontribusi G-20 dalam proses penanganan krisis finansial global 2008-2009 dan dominasi peran negara terhadap sektor perekonomian (sektor finansial). Proses penanganan krisis finansial global pada periode itu diwarnai oleh berbagai aktivitas ekonomi-politik internasional dan melibatkan institusi internasional lain di luar negara.Respons negara-negara perekonomian utama dunia terhadap ancaman krisis finansial global ini melibatkan lembaga-lembaga keuangan internasional seperti International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Financial Stability Board, dan lain-lain. Hal itu tercermin dari tiga komunike KTT G-20 yang diadakan secara terpisah, tapi dengan agenda yang berkesinambungan dan saling menunjang. Dalam prosesnya, beberapa implementasi komitmen G-20 tercermin, mulai dari ekspansi kebijakan ekonomi negara-negara G-20, framework-framework baru, penguatan dan/atau penciptaan rezim / institusi keuangan internasional baru, hingga peniadaan praktik tax havens. Dengan menempatkan pola dari perspektif neorealisme, penelitian ini membuktikan munculnya variabel-variabel dalam regime as intervening variable, yakni Egoistic self-interest, Political power, Norms and Principles, Usage and Custom, dan Knowledge dalam mencapai tujuan pemulihan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi global, seperti yang digambarkan melalui indikator makroekonomi global.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplanasi dengan berkaca pada sistem moneter internasional, kebijakan ekonomi domestik, dan interkoneksitas kapital global. Selain itu, penggunaan Historical Persepective-Research juga digunakan untuk membantu melakukan analisis dan kritik, serta menyatukan urutan kejadian atau proses respons negara terhadap ancaman krisis finansial global.

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The aim of this Theses is to find-out how the G-20 tackle the financial crisis that took place within 2008-2009 period and the dominant role of the state(s) within economic sector (financial sector). The process to tackle the crisis within the given period was marked by various international economic-politic activities and involved other international actors beside states.The response of world's major economies on how to tackle the crisis involved various financial international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Financial Stability Board et cetera, as reflected by three separate yet supporting each others, the G-20 Summit communiqués. In the process, the G-20 commitments were reflected and implemented on various issues such as the concerted G-20 economic expansion policies, new frameworks, efforts in enforcing/strengthening existing IFIs and creating new ones, up to eliminating the so-called tax-havens. Through the pattern of neorealism perspective, this research proved five variables in 'regime as intervening variable', Egoistic self-interest, Political power, Norms and Principles, Usage and Custom, and Knowledge in efforts to restore global economic recovery, as indicated by global macroeconomic indicators.This research used explanation method which captured the international monetary system, domestic economy policies and the global capital interconnectivity issues. This Theses is also using Historical Perspective-Research to conduct its analysis and critics, as well as to unite the puzzle of historical background and chronological events on the financial crisis threats."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis dominasi dolar Amerika Serikat (USD) sebagai mata uang internasional, mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap posisi dominannya dan implikasinya terhadap ekonomi global. USD telah lama menjadi mata uang utama dalam perdagangan internasional, cadangan devisa, dan pasar keuangan global. Penelitian ini mengkaji sejarah evolusi USD sebagai mata uang cadangan utama, peran lembaga keuangan internasional, serta kebijakan ekonomi dan moneter Amerika Serikat yang memperkuat dominasi ini. Selain itu, penelitian ini membahas dampak dari dominasi USD terhadap stabilitas ekonomi global, termasuk keuntungan dan risiko bagi negara-negara pengguna serta tantangan bagi mata uang lain yang berusaha memperoleh status internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada tantangan dari mata uang lain seperti Euro dan Renminbi, USD tetap dominan karena kombinasi kekuatan ekonomi, kebijakan yang stabil, dan kepercayaan global terhadap sistem keuangan Amerika Serikat.

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This study analyzes the dominance of the United States dollar (USD) as an international currency, exploring the factors contributing to its dominant position and its implications for the global economy. The USD has long been the primary currency in international trade, foreign exchange reserves, and global financial markets. This research examines the sources of power for USD as the main reserve currency, the role of international financial institutions, and the economic and monetary policies of the United States that reinforce this dominance. Additionally, the study discusses the impact of USD dominance on global economic stability, including the benefits and risks for user countries and the challenges faced by other currencies striving to attain international status. The findings indicate that despite challenges from other currencies such as the Euro and the Renminbi, the USD remains dominant due to a combination of economic strength, stable policies, and global confidence in the U.S. financial system."

"The contemporary dual monetary system is characterized by interest system in conventional system and the profit-and-loss sharing (PLS) system in Islamic system,where each of them has a different behavior in influencing the money demand and the monetary stability....."