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Abstrak :
Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi bunga Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. bentuk crested di alam, serta hubungannya dengan ekspresi gen MADS-box. Sebanyak 200 sampel bunga crested diamati secara morfologi melalui pengukuran panjang staminal column, perhitungan perhiasan bunga, dan pengamatan visual permukaan luar ovarium. Sebanyak 137 sampel bunga crested diamati secara anatomi melalui pengamatan visual struktur internal ovarium. Hasil pengamatan morfologi dan anatomi menunjukkan tingginya variasi bunga H. rosa-sinensis bentuk crested. Salah satu karakter yang menentukan tingginya variasi bunga crested di alam adalah keberadaan petal tambahan yang diduga tumbuh di lokasi keberadaan stamen dan petal akibat gejala homeosis. Homeosis pada bunga crested diduga karena tidak terekspresikannya gen C yang merupakan salah satu kelas dari gen MADS-box. Untuk membuktikan dugaan tersebut, dilakukan pengamatan molekular melalui analisis gen MADS-box yang berperan dalam proses pembungaan. Dari kelima kelas gen MADS-box yang diamati, hanya gen C yang berhasil diamplifikasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gen C terekspresi di semua bagian bunga crested. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, homeosis pada bunga crested bukan disebabkan karena tidak terekpresikannya gen C. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui tingkat ekspresi tiap kelas gen MADS-box terhadap variasi bunga crested di alam. ......The aim of this study is to know the variation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. crested flower in nature, and to know its correlation against MADS-box gene expression. The study was conducted through morphological, anatomical, and molecular observation. Morphological sections were carried out on 200 samples of flowers by measuring the length of staminal column, counting the number of perianthium, and observing the external structure of ovaries. Anatomical sections were carried out on 137 samples of flowers by observing the internal structure of ovaries. The results showed that H. rosa-sinensis crested flower has a high variety in the shape of flower. Two main parts of crested flower that effecting its variety in nature are staminodium petaloid and stamen-petal intermediate that lied in the position of stamen and petal. This phenomenon is assumed as homeotic due to the absence of C gene expression that belong to MADS-box gene family. Based on molecular observation, AGAMOUS gene (MADS-box class C) expressed in all of crested flower parts, including staminodium petaloid and stamen-petal intermediate. This results is on contradiction with the assumption that homeosis in H. rosa-sinensis caused by the absence of gene C. Further research is needed to know the expression of others MADS-box class genes expression, including their level of expression in each parts of crested flower.

Abstrak :
Sari Akar Manis merupakan komposisi utama obat batuk hitam dimana penggunaan obat ini sudah cukup lama dikenal masyarakat Indonesia, tetapi informasi mengenai peringatan pada kemasan obat kurang menyertai penggunaan untuk wanita hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian suspensi sari akar manis (Glycyrhhiza glabra) terhadap perkembangan janin pada mencit betina bunting. Mencit betina bunting galur DDY sebanyak 24 ekor dibagi acak menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok I diberikan larutan CMC 0.5 % dan kelompok II, III, dan IV berturut-turut diberikan dosis sari akar manis 1300; 2600; dan 5200 mg/kg bb/hari selama masa organogenesis mulai hari ke-6 sampai hari ke-15 kebuntingan. Pada hari ke-18 kebuntingan, dilakukan laparaktomi terhadap mencit betina bunting dan janin dikeluarkan dari uterus. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah janin, adanya jumlah kematian dan resorpsi, jenis kelamin janin, penimbangan berat badan janin dan panjang janin. Kemudian dilakukan juga pengamatan secara visual terhadap adanya kelainan pada janin. Perkembangan tulang rangka diamati setelah pembuatan preparat tulang rangka dengan Alizarin Red S. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sari akar manis tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda secara bermakna secara statistik tetapi menunjukkan adanya perdarahan di bawah kulit sebesar 10 % dan kelainan tulang rangka pada tulang rusuk janin sebesar 3 % dari seluruh mencit betina bunting yang diberi sari akar manis.

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Succus liquiritie is a major compotition for cough medicine where the usage in Indonesia is very common but information of warning on the package are not include pregnant women. This study was performed to examine the influence of succus liquritiae suspension on the development of mice s fetuses. Twenty four pregnant mices strain DDY were divided into 4 groups. First group were administered by CMC 0.5 % and the second, the third and the four of group were administered by succus liquritiae with the dosage are : 1300; 2600; and 5200 mg/kg body weight/day which administered during organogenesis period from gestation day 6 to 15. Laparactomy were performed on day 18 of gestation. The observation were made starting from number of fetuses, number of death and resorption, sex of fetuses, weight body and crown-rump of fetuses. The Observation continued with disorder and complitness of fetuses visualy. Skeletal development were observed after skeleton preparation using Alizarin Red S. The Result of this study showed that succus liquritiae did not influence the development of fetuses statiscally but did showed hemorrhage 10 % and skeletal development disorder at the fetuses s rib 3% to the pregnant mice that administered by succus liquritiae.

Abstrak :
This book combines state-of-the-art expertise from diverse pathogen model systems to update our current understanding of the regulation of fungal morphogenesis as a key determinant of pathogenicity in fungi.