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Abstrak :
Tongue coating merupakan lapisan pada dorsum lidah yang berpotensi menjadi fokus infeksi dan sering ditemukan pada lansia karena berbagai faktor. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kebersihan mulut dengan tongue coating pada lansia mandiri di Kota Depok serta hubungannya dengan faktor-faktor sosiodemografi. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada lansia mandiri di Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Tingkat kebersihan mulut diukur menggunakan Simplified Oral Hygiene Index OHI-S . Keberadaan tongue coating dinilai secara visual. Data faktor-faktor sosiodemografi diperoleh dari pengisian kuesioner Hasil: Penelitian melibatkan 89 subjek dengan rentang usia 60-90 tahun. Rata-rata OHI-S ialah 2,94 1,02. Tingkat kebersihan mulut buruk ditemukan pada 41 48,3 subjek. Prevalensi tongue coating ialah 31,5 . Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat kebersihan mulut dan tongue coating pada lansia p>0,05 . Faktor-faktor sosiodemografi tidak berhubungan secara signifikan baik terhadap tingkat kebersihan mulut maupun tongue coating p>0,05 . Kesimpulan: Mayoritas subjek lansia mandiri memiliki tingkat kebersihan mulut yang buruk dan tidak mengalami tongue coating. Tingkat kebersihan mulut tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan tongue coating. Faktor-faktor sosiodemografi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hubungan keduanya. ...... Introduction Tongue coating is a layer on the dorsum of tongue that could potentially become a focus of infection and often found in elderly due to various factors. Objectives This study aims to determine the relationship between oral hygiene status and tongue coating among independent elderly in Depok and their relationship with sociodemographic factors. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 89 subjects in Depok, West Java. The oral hygiene status was measured using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index OHI S . The presence of tongue coating was assessed visually. Sociodemographic factors data are obtained from questionnaires. Results The study included 89 independent elderly subjects, ranging from 60 to 90 of age. The mean OHI S score is 2.94 1.02. Poor oral hygiene was found in 41 48.3 subjects. The prevalence of tongue coating was 31.5 . No statistically significant association was found between the oral hygiene status and tongue coating among elderly p 0.05 . Sociodemographic factors were not significantly associated with oral hygiene and tongue coating. p 0.05 . Conclusion Most independent elderly subjects have poor oral hygiene and no tongue coating. Oral hygiene is not significantly associated with tongue coating. Sociodemographic factors do not significantly affect the association between both of them.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman dalam obat kumur tanpa dan mengandung alkohol terhadap transverse strength resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. Spesimen berupa lempeng direndam di dalam obat kumur mengandung alkohol, tanpa alkohol, atau akuades selama 12, 24, dan 36 jam. Transverse strength diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode three point bending. Uji statistik menyatakan tidak ada perbedaan transverse strength yang bermakna antara spesimen yang direndam di dalam larutan perendam untuk setiap waktu perendaman maupun antar waktu untuk setiap larutan perendam. Penggunaan obat kumur tanpa dan mengandung alkohol tidak menurunkan transverse strength basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. ......The aim of this study was to know the effect of immersion in alcoholic and non alcoholic mouthwash on transverse strength of heat cured acrylic resin. Specimen plates were immersed in alcoholic mouthwash, non alcoholic mouthwash or aquadest for 12, 24, and 36 hours. Transverse strength was measured using universal testing machine. Result showed that there was no statistically difference among the transverse strength of specimens either between immersion solution for each immersion time or between immersion time for each solution. The use of either alcoholic or non alcoholic mouthwash will not decrease the transverse strength of heat cured acrylic resin denture base.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Penggunaan alat ortodonti dikatakan dapat mempersulit prosedur membersihkan gigi sehingga dapat menurunkan kesehatan rongga mulut. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, kontrol plak kimiawi lewat penggunaan obat kumur berbahan antimikroba dikatakan dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih superior. Akan tetapi mengingat minimnya penggunaan obat kumur pada masyarakat umum, pasta gigi berbahan antimikroba seperti cetylperydinium chloride (CPC) pun dikembangkan. Tujuan: Membandingkan efektivitas penggunaan pasta gigi CPC dan kombinasi pasta gigi dan obat kumur CPC pada pasien ortodonti. Metode: Penelitian randomized, single blind clinical trial dilakukkan dengan membagi 63 subjek penelitian menjadi kelompok pasta gigi CPC (kelompok A) dan kombinasi pasta gigi dan obat kumur CPC (kelompok B). Oral profilaksis dilakukan dua minggu sebelum pemeriksaan pertama (T0). Pemeriksaan ke dua (T1) dan ke tiga (T2) dilakukan tiga dan sembilan minggu paska penggunaan. Pemeriksaan meliputi pemeriksaan klinis (indeks gingiva/GI, indeks perdarahan gingiva saat probing/BOMP, dan indeks plak/PI) dan mikrobiologis (jumlah total bakteri plak lewat RT-PCR). Hasil: Ke dua kelompok menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan baik pada T0, T1, dan T2 baik secara klinis maupun mikrobiologis. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan pasta gigi CPC berhasil menunjukkan efektivitas yang setara dengan penggunaan kombinasi pasta gigi dan obat kumur CPC. ......Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances may hinder oral hygiene procedures, leading to aggravated overall oral health. Thus, chemical plaque control through the use of mouthrinse containing antimicrobial agents may give better results. Unfortunately, the use of mouthrinse as chemical plaque control is not used as a daily oral hygiene routine in majority. Therefore, toothpaste containing antimicrobial agents, such as ceytlperydinium chloride (CPC), was developed to assist chemical plaque control. Aims: To study and compare the effectiveness between CPC toothpaste and combination of CPC toothpaste and mouthrinse usage in orthodontic patients. Methods: A randomized, single blind clinical trial was conducted on 63 subjects wearing orthodontic appliances, divided into CPC toothpaste group (group A) and combination of CPC toothpaste and mouthrinse group (group B). Oral prophylaxis was done two weeks prior first examination (T0). Second (T1) and third (T2) examinations were carried out after three and nine weeks of usage. Both clinical examination (gingival index/GI, bleeding on marginal probing/BOMP, and plaque index/PI) and microbiological examination (total bacterial count thorough RT-PCR) were done in each examinations. Results: There were no statistically significant differences found between groups either at T0, T1, or T2 both clinically or microbiologically. Conclusion: CPC toothpaste usage successfully showed an equal effectiveness compared to combination of CPC toothpaste and mouthrinse usage.

Abstrak :
Pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi merupakan bagian penting dalam proses asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan penyakit infeksi. Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi pada anak melalui penerapan intervensi oral hygiene menggunakan pendekatan model konservasi Levine. Pengkajian dilakukan berdasarkan konservasi Levine terhadap lima kasus terpilih yang menunjukkan gangguan pemenuhan nutrisi. Hipotesis, intervensi dan respon organismic ditujukan untuk mencapai adaptasi serta membuat klien mencapai keutuhan wholeness . Intervensi oral hygiene terbukti efektif menurunkan derajat kerusakam membrane mukosa oral dalam membantu optimalisasi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi.

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Fulfillment of nutritional needs is an important part in the process of nursing care in children with infectious diseases. The purpose of this case study is to provide an overview of the fulfillment of nutritional needs in children through the application of oral hygiene interventions using the Levine conservation model approach. The assessment was conducted based on the Levine conservation of five selected cases demonstrating nutritional impairment. Hypotheses, interventions and organismic responses are aimed at achieving adaptation and making the client wholeness. Oral hygiene intervention has been shown to effectively lower the degree of oral mucous membrane damage in helping to optimize the fulfillment of nutritional needs.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Gingivitis merupakan penyakit periodontal dengan prevalensi paling tinggi di Indonesia. Penyebab utama terjadinya gingivitis adalah akumulasi plak dan tingkat kebersihan rongga mulut yang rendah. Manifestasi klinis gingivitis dapat berupa eritema, edema, perdarahan, dan ulserasi pada gingiva tanpa disertai adanya kehilangan perlekatan periodontal. Secara mikroskopis, ditemukan perubahan flora normal dan infeksi bakteri nonspesifik pada gingivitis. Kerusakan jaringan pada gingivitis bersifat reversibledengan adanya penghilangan plak dan peningkatan kebersihan rongga mulut. Mekanisme penghilangan plak dapat dilakukan secara mekanis dan kimiawi. Cara mekanis seperti scalingdan menyikat gigi merupakan metode utama penghilangan plak. Metode kimiawi seperti penggunaan obat kumur yang mengandung bahan aktif merupakan terapi tambahan yang efektif, terutama dalam membersihkan area di rongga mulut yang tidak terjangkau oleh pembersihan secara mekanis. Propolis merupakan salah satu bahan alami di bidang kesehatan yang memiliki sifat antiplak dan antibakteri. Obat kumur propolis dinilai memberikan efek terhadap plak dan gingivitis secara klinis serta jumlah koloni bakteri nonspesifik pada plak. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek obat kumur yang mengandung propolis terhadap plak dan gingivitis secara klinisserta jumlah koloni bakteri nonspesifik pada plak. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimental klinis. Sebanyak 20 orang sukarelawan gingivitis berusia 18-30 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok uji dan kelompok kontrol dengan pembagian 10 orang kelompok uji berkumur dengan obat kumur propolis dan 10 orang kelompok kontrol berkumur dengan obat kumur tanpa bahan aktif. Pada awal penelitian, dilakukan scaling, penyuluhan, pengukuran awal PI dan PBI, serta pengambilan sampel plak untuk penghitungan jumlah koloni bakteri. Setelah berkumur selama 14 hari, dilakukan kembali pengukuran PI dan PBI serta pengambilan sampel plak untuk penghitungan jumlah koloni bakteri. Hasil: Hasil penilaian statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata penurunan PBI antara kelompok uji dan kelompok kontrol. (sig< 0,05 , selisih R_PBI= 0.3724). Rata-rata penurunan PI kelompok uji lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (selisih R_PI= 0.3665), begitu juga dengan rata-rata penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri aerob dan anaerob (selisih R_Aerob = 90.6 , selisih R_Anaerob= 40) walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik (sig> 0,05). Kesimpulan: Berkumur dengan obat kumur propolis efektif terhadap perdarahan papilla dibandingkan dengan berkumur dengan obat kumur tanpa aktif. Berkumur dengan obat kumur propolis dapat menurunkan rata-rata PI serta rata-rata jumlah koloni bakteri aerob dan anaerob pada plak, walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Kata kunci: Gingivitis, propolis, obat kumur, bakteri nonspesifik pada plak

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Background: Gingivitis has the highest prevalence among the other periodontal diseases in Indonesia. The main causes of gingivitis are dental plaque accumulation and low oral hygiene level in patients. Clinically, gingivitis could appear as edema, bleeding, and ulceration without any loss of attachment. There are shifting of normal floras and certain periodontal pathogens found in gingivitis microscopically. Tissue damage in gingivitis is reversible with the presence of adequate plaque removal and an increase in patientsoral hygiene level. Dental plaque removal could be done mechanically and chemically. The mechanical methods like toothbrushing and scaling are the main method, whereas the use of chemical like mouthwash is an adjunctive therapy which shows efficacy. The use of mouthwash with active ingredients could cleanse area in the mouth that could not be reached through mechanical methods. Propolis is one of the natural ingredients commonly studied and used in dentistry because of the antibacterial and antiplaque effects it has. Propolis containing mouthwash could give effects on dental plaque and gingivitis clinically, along with the total count of nonspecific bacteria present in dental plaque. Objectives: To assess the effect of propolis containing mouthwash on dental plaque and gingivitis clinically along with the total count of nonspecific bacteria present in dental plaque.Methods:This study is completed using clinical experimental method. There are 20 volunteers with age interval 18-30 years old who participated in this research. Twenty subjects are divided into two groups with the same numbers, which is 10 subjects each groups. The first group is the test group which use propolis containing mouthwash, whereas the other one is placebo group which use mouthwash without any active ingredients. Scaling, dental health education, measurement of plaque index and papillary bleeding index, and plaque sample collection for bacteria assessment were done in the beginning of this study. After using mouthwash for 14 days, there were second measurement of plaque index and papillary bleeding index along with plaque sample collection for bacteria assessment. Results: Statistic showed there is significant difference (sig< 0.05, mean differences = 0.3724) of papillary bleeding index among the two groups. Mean score of plaque index in the test group showed greater reduction than the placebo group (mean differences = 0.3665) and nean score of total bacteria count in the test group showed higher reduction than the placebo group (mean differences of aerob bacteria = 90.6 , mean differences of anaerob bacteria = 40) though there werent any significant difference present statistically (sig>0.05). Conclusion: The use of propolis containing mouthwash showed better effect on papillary bleeding index compared to the use of mouthwash without any active ingredients. The use of propolis containing mouthwash could reduce mean scores of plaque index and the numbers of aerob and anaerob bacteria present in dental plaque, though there werent any statistical significance shown. Keywords: Gingivitis, propolis, mouthwash, nonspecific bacterial plaque

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Permasalahan gigi dan mulut pada anak di usia mixed dentition di Indonesia masih tinggi, salah satunya di daerah Jawa Barat. Permasalahan gigi dan mulut dapat disebabkan oleh status kesehatan oral yang buruk. Status kesehatan oral dapat dinilai dari nilai OHI-S. Status kesehatan mulut buruk ditandai dengan penumpukan plak (salah satunya plak supragingiva) dapat menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah bakteri, salah satunya bakteri Veillonella parvula. Bakteri Veillonella parvula berperan dalam proses adhesi dan metabolisme bakteri late colonizer seperti Treponema denticola yang berperan dalam patogenesis penyakit periodontal. Bakteri Veillonella parvula dan Treponema denticola memiliki protein berupa VtaA dan Msp yang berperan dalam proses adhesi ke biofilm. Sampai saat ini, belum ada penelitian yang meneliti hubungan kedua protein tersebut dengan status kebersihan rongga mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui apakah ada hubungan dan korelasi antara ekspresi gen Msp dan VtaA dengan status kebersihan rongga mulut. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan 40 sampel plak supragingiva yang diambil dari anak berusia 9-12 tahun di SD Sukaluyu dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan kategori skor OHI-S. Sampel kemudian diekstraksi RNA dan DNA, lalu dianalisis menggunakan Real Time PCR. Hasil kuantifikasi DNA dianalisis menggunakan absolute quantification untuk mengidentifikasi jumlah bakteri, sedangkan hasil kuantifikasi RNA dianalisis menggunakan relative quantification untuk membandingkan ekspresi gen. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna (p=0.008) antara jumlah bakteri Treponema denticoladengan memburuknya nilai OHI-S. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah bakteri Treponema denticola pada OHI-S sedang dan buruk (p=0.016). Korelasi positif tidak signifikan ada pada jumlah bakteri Veillonella parvula dan ekspresi gen Msp, sedangkan korelasi negatif tidak signifikan ditemukan pada VtaA. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara menambahnya jumlah bakteri Treponema denticola seiring dengan memburuknya status kesehatan oral. Tidak ditemukan korelasi dan perbedaan antara jumlah bakteri Veillonella parvula, ekspresi gen Msp dan VtaA jika dibandingkan dengan kategori OHI-S. ......Latar Belakang: Dental and oral problems in children with mixed dentition in Indonesia are still highly prevalent, especially in West Java. These problems are caused by poor oral health status, which can be assessed by OHI-S score. Poor oral health status, which is characterized by plaque accumulation, can cause the quantity of bacteria in mouth to increase. One of those bacterias is Veillonella parvula, a bacteria which plays a role in the adhesion process and metabolism of late colonizer bacteria. Treponema denticola is a late colonizer bacteria which contributes to the progression of periodontal diseases. In order to adhere to a biofilm, Treponema denticola produces protein called Msp, while Veillonella parvula produces VtaA. However, the relationship between these proteins to oral health status has not been well studied. Objective : The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship and correlation between Msp and VtaA gene expression and oral health status. Methods: 40 samples are collected from supragingival plaque of children between the ages of 9-12 years old in SD Sukaluyu and grouped into 3 categories (poor, moderate, good) based on each samples’s OHI-S score. Samples are then extracted and analized by real-time PCR. DNA quantification results are analyzed using absolute quantification to identify the amount of bacteria present. RNA quantification results are analyzed using relative quantification to identify each gene expression relative to calibrator samples. Results: There is a significant positive correlation (p=0.008) found between the quantity of Treponema denticola and OHI-S score. A significant difference (p=0.016) is found between the amount of Treponema denticola in moderate OHI-S and poor OHI-S category. There is a non-significant positive correlation between the amount of Veillonella parvula and Msp gene expression and OHI-S score. VtaA gene expression showed a non-significant negative correlation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated there is a relationship between the increasing quantity of Treponema denticola and the worsening state of oral health status. There is no relationship between Msp and VtaA gene expression and the quantity of Veillonella parvula and oral health status.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Infeksi HIV menyebabkan penurunan imunitas, sehingga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit penyerta, seperti infeksi oportunis. Salah satu organisme penyebab infeksi oportunis yang sering ditemukan adalah Candida sp., yang sering ditemukan pada rongga mulut, disebut juga dengan kandidiasis oral. Dengan banyaknya komplikasi yang dapat menyertai kandidiasis oral, pengobatan oleh antijamur sangat diperlukan. Amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, nystatin, dan ketoconazole merupakan beberapa obat yang dapat digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan suseptibilitas Candida sp. terhadap antijamur tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan metode deskriptif. Sampel didapat dari koleksi kultur Departemen Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, dari pasien HIV dengan suspek kandidiasis oral. Uji kepekaan jamur menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada agar Müeller-Hinton mengunakan antijamur amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, nystatin, dan ketoconazole. Hasil: Sebanyak 23 sampel menunjukkan 6 jenis jamur, yaitu C. albicans (43%), C. krusei (4.3%), C. tropicalis (13%), C. glabrata (26%), C. parapsilosis (8%), dan Rhodotorula (4.3%). Mayoritas jamur menunjukkan hasil sensitif terhadap kelima antijamur yang digunakan, dengan pengecualian Rhodotorula terhadap fluconazole. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas jamur menunjukkan hasil sensitif terhadap antijamur yang digunakan. Urutan antijamur dengan sensitivitas yang paling tinggi hingga rendah adalah amphotericin b, nystatin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, dan itraconazole. ......Introduction: HIV infection causes immune declining, thus increasing the risk of accompanying diseases, including opportunistic infection. One of the commonly found organism to cause opportunistic infection is Candida sp., which often found in the oral cavity, known as oral candidiasis. With the many complication that may follow oral candidiasis, antifungal medication is highly needed. Amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, nystatin, and ketoconazole are a few antifungal agents that can be used. This research aims to determine Candida sp. susceptibility towards these antifungals. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with descriptive method. Samples were obtained from the culture collection of the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, from HIV patients with suspect of oral candidiasis. The susceptibility test uses disc diffusion method with Müeller-Hinton agar, with the antifungal agents that are amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, nystatin, dan ketoconazole. Results: There were found 6 types of fungi, that are C. albicans (43%), C. krusei (4.3%), C. tropicalis (13%), C. glabrata (26%), C. parapsilosis (8%), dan Rhodotorula (4.3%). The majority of the fungi are sensitive towards all of the antifungal agents being tested, with the exception of Rhodotorula towards fluconazole. Conclusion: The majority of the fungi are sensitive towards the antifungal agents being tested. The order of the antifungal agents with the highest to the lowest sensitivity are amphotericin B, nystatin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, dan itraconazole.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Bernapas melalui mulut merupakan upaya adaptasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan udara. Kebiasaan ini dapat mengubah kondisi biologis di dalam lingkungan rongga mulut serta perkembangan anak-anak. Kondisi tersebut mempengaruhi kebersihan rongga mulut yang dapat menimbulkan bau mulut. Pengukuran kondisi bau mulut dapat diukur menggunakan metode organoleptik dengan indra. Enterococcus faecalis merupakan bakteri transien rongga mulut yang dapat ditemukan terutama pada saluran akar yang mengalami kegagalan perawatan endodontik. Penelitian mengenai keberadaan Enterococus faecalis pada anak-anak belum diketahui. Tujuan : Menganalisis keberadaaan Enteroccocus faecalis pada sampel saliva dan plak gigi anak-anak berdasarkan kelompok skor organoleptik dan OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified). Metode : Sampel saliva dan plak gigi anak usia 8-11 tahun diuji menggunakan metode ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan nilai organoleptik dan OHIS. Pengelolaan data dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai antar kelompok anak-anak memiliki kecenderungan bernapas melalui mulut dengan tidak melalui mulut (bernafas melalui hidung). Hasil : Sebagian besar tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok anak-anak memiliki kecenderungan bernapas melalui mulut dan hidung berdasarkan pembagian nilai organoleptik dan OHI-S. Pada salah satu uji ditemukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kelompok bernapas melalui hidung berdasarkan nilai organoleptik. Terdapat kecenderungan keberadaan antigen Enterococcus faecalis lebih tinggi pada plak gigi daripada saliva. Kesimpulan : Keberadaan antigen Enterococcus faecalis ditemukan lebih tinggi pada plak gigi dan terdapat kecenderungan keberadaan antigen Enteroccocus faecalis meningkat berkaitan dengan kondisi OHI-S.

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ABSTRACT Background: Mouth breathing is a type of habitual adaptation of breathing to fulfill the needs of oxygen. This habit could alter the biological oral condition and development of children. The altered condition of the oral environment could affect oral hygiene and cause oral malodor. Organoleptic is using human sense as a measurement to assess severity of oral malodor. Enterococcus faecalis is the transient bacteria of the oral cavity particularly found in the root canal of the failed endodontic treatment teeth. Based on previous studies, Enterococcus faecalis existence in children is unknown. Purpose: To analyze the existence of Enterococcus faecalis antigen in salivary and tooth plaque samples of children based on organoleptic and OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) score. Methods: Salivary and tooth plaque sample of children age 8-11 were tested with ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique and divided into several groups. The grouping was done based on the organoleptic and OHI-S score of subjects. Data analyzed by comparing scores between children who have a tendency toward mouth breathing with those who breathe with nose based on their organoleptic and OHI-S score. Result: Mostly, there is no significant difference between groups who tend mouth breathing with those who breathe with nose based on organoleptic and OHI-S score. However, in one of the tests, there is significant difference within groups who breathe with nose based on organoleptic score. The antigen amount of Enterococcus faecalis was found higher in tooth plaque rather than in saliva. Conclusion: The amount of Enterococcus faecalis antigen is higher in tooth plaque and there is a tendency that the amount of Enterococcus faecalis is influenced by the OHI-S score.