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Abstrak :
Verifikasi dosis TPS (Treatment Planning System) mutlak diperlukan sebagai suatu pelaksanaan progam jaminan kualitas Radioterapi. Sebagian besar jaminan kualitas dosis dilakukan didalam area radiasi, sedangkan pemantauan dosis organ kritis berada diluar area radiasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dilakukan verifikasi TPS untuk dosis organ kritis (ginjal, caput femur, ovarium, dan vagina) menggunakan linac dan TPS milik RSPP. Simulasi pengukuran dosis dilakukan dengan memberikan perlakuan radioterapi area pelvis box field pada rando phantom (SAD 100 cm, foton 10 MV) serta menggunakan TLD sebagai dosimeter. Dosis simulasi akan dijadikan acuan untuk memverifikasi dosis TPS. Berdasarkan verifikasi tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa kalkulasi dosis TPS sesuai untuk organ kritis caput femur, ovarium, dan vagina, dengan persen error kurang dari 5%. Sedangkan untuk organ kritis ginjal, kalkulasi TPS tidak sesuai dikarenakan persen error yang mencapai 17% untuk lapangan B dan 90% untuk lapangan A yang berukuran lebih kecil dari lapangan B. Dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan pengambilan data penumbra untuk mengetahui batas kemampuan kalkulasi TPS yang dimiliki.

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Verification of TPS`s (Treatment Planning System) dose calculation is necessary as a program of quality assurance (QA) for radiotherapy. Most proccess of QA are infield, while evaluation for organ-at-risk (OAR) dose is outfield. Based on that, verification of TPS`s dose had been done for OAR (kidney, femoral head, ovary, and vagina) using linac and TPS at RSPP. Simulation for dose measurement was done by giving pelvic area radiotherapy (box field, SAD 100 cm, photon 10 MV) to rando phantom and using TLD as a dosimetry. Simulation`s dose would be used as the reference to verify TPS`s dose. Based on that, the result show that dose calculation of TPS was appropriate for femoral head, ovary, and vagina, that`s because percent error was less than 5%. Whereas for kidney, the calculation wasn`t appropriate because percent error reached 17% for field B and 90% for field A that has size smaller than field B. Penumbra`s data also had been taken in this research, to find out the limit of TPS`s calculation.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Radiotherapy as a treatment modality aside from other modalities such as surgery and chemotherapy has been achieved not far off the discovery of X ray at the end of 19th century. Combined external radiation and brachytherapy on the treatment of oral cavity malignancies has shown good result with reasonable toxicities. Mechanism of radiotherapy, radiophysics and radiobiology will be discussed briefly on this paper. The indications of radiotherapy and toxic effects may arise will also be discussed.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Risiko kaheksia pada pasien kanker kepala dan leher KKL meningkat akibat tumor itu sendiri, letak tumor, dan pemberian terapi medis. Penurunan berat badan akibat efek samping radioterapi atau kemoradioterapi dapat menurunkan angka kesintasan dan kualitas hidup, serta meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Terapi medik gizi klinik bertujuan mencegah malnutrisi bertambah berat, memperbaiki kualitas hidup, dan mendukung outcome terapi yang baik. Terapi medik gizi klinik berupa konsultasi individu, meliputi pemberian nutrisi adekuat sesuai kebutuhan energi, makronutrien, mikronutrien, dan nutrien spesifik, serta terapi medikamentosa dan edukasi. Metode: Pasien pada serial kasus ini berjumlah empat orang, berusia 32 ndash;53 tahun. Satu orang pasien dengan diagnosis karsinoma lidah dan 3 orang dengan kanker nasofaring. Dua dari 4 pasien menjalani kemoradioterapi. Semua terdiagnosis kaheksia pada awal pemeriksaan. Kebutuhan energi total dihitung menggunakan persamaan Harris-Benedict untuk kebutuhan basal dikalikan faktor stres 1,5. Pemantauan meliputi keluhan subjektif dan pemeriksaan objektif tanda vital, kondisi klinis, antropometrik, massa otot, massa lemak, kekuatan genggam tangan, Karnofsky Performance Status, analisis asupan, dan laboratorium . Pemantauan dilakukan secara berkala setiap minggu untuk menilai pencapaian target pemberian nutrisi. Hasil: Terapi medik gizi klinik pada keempat pasien meningkatkan asupan energi, protein, dan nutrien spesifik asam amino rantai cabang dan eicosapentaenoic acid . Penurunan BB, massa otot, dan kapasitas fungsional yang terjadi pada pasien hanya minimal. Kesimpulan: Terapi medik gizi klinik pada pasien KKL dengan kaheksia dalam radioterapi atau kemoradioterapi dapat meningkatkan asupan nutrisi dan meminimalkan penurunan status gizi pasien lebih lanjut.

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Introduction: The risk of cachexia of head and neck cancer HNC is increased because of the tumor itself, site of the tumor, and side effects of cancer treatment. Weight loss during radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy will decrease the survival rates and quality of life, and increase morbidity and mortality rates. The purpose of medical therapy in clinical nutrition is to prevent further malnutrition during therapy, improve quality of life, and support the good outcome of cancer treatment. Individual medical therapy in clinical nutrition include adequate energy, macro and micronutrient, and specific nutrients requirements, pharmacotherapy and education. Methods: Four HNC patients in this case series aged between 32 and 53. One patient diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and 3 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. Two of four patients received chemoradiotherapy. Total energy requirement was calculated using Harris Benedict equation for basal energy need multipled by stress factor of 1,5. Monitoring include subjective complaints and objective examination vital sign, physical examination, anthropometric, muscle mass, fat mass, handgrip strength, Karnofsky Performance Status, dietary analysis, and laboratory. Monitoring was performed routinely every week to assess achievement of the nutrition therapy target. Results: Medical therapy in clinical nutrition to four patients can increase the intake of energy, protein, and specific nutrients branched chain amino acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. The decreased of weight, muscle mass, and functional capacity during radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were only minimal. Conclusion: Medical therapy in clinical nutrition for HNC patients with cachexia on radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy can increase nutrition intake and minimalized further malnutrition.

Abstrak :
The treatment of prostate cancer continues to be problematic owing to serious side-effects, including erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Robotic radiosurgery offers a novel, rapid, non-invasive outpatient treatment option that combines robotics, advanced image-guided spatial positioning, and motion detection with submillimeter precision. This book examines all aspects of the treatment of prostate cancer with robotic radiosurgery. It explains how image-guided robotic radiosurgery overcomes the problem of patient motion during radiation therapy by continuously identifying the precise location of the prostate tumor throughout the course of treatment. Hypofractionated radiation delivery by means of robotic radiosurgery systems is also discussed in detail. The book closes by examining other emerging genitourinary applications of robotic radiosurgery. All of the authors are experts in their field who present a persuasive case for this fascinating technique.

Abstrak :
This well-received book, now in its fifth edition, is unique in providing a detailed examination of the technological basis of radiation therapy. Another unique feature is that the chapters are jointly written by North American and European authors. This considerably broadens the book’s contents and increases its applicability in daily practice throughout the world. The book is divided into two sections. The first section covers basic concepts in treatment planning and explains the various approaches to radiation therapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, tomotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, and high and low dose rate brachytherapy. The second discusses in depth the practical clinical applications of the different radiation therapy techniques in a wide range of cancer sites. All chapters have been written by leaders in the field.

Abstrak :
Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is based on the ability of the non-radioactive isotope boron-10 to capture thermal neutrons with very high probability and immediately to release heavy particles with a path length of one cell diameter, which in principle allows for tumor cell-selective high-LET particle radiotherapy. This book provides a comprehensive summary of the progress made in NCT in recent years. Individual sections cover all important aspects, including neutron sources, boron chemistry, drugs for NCT, dosimetry, and radiation biology. The use of NCT in a variety of malignancies and also some non-malignant diseases is extensively discussed. NCT is clearly shown to be a promising modality at the threshold of wider clinical application. All of the chapters are written by experienced specialists in language that will be readily understood by all participating disciplines.