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"Latar belakang: Preeklampsia/eklampsia merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal di Indonesia. Preeklampsia juga menyebabkan pertumbuhan janin terhambat dan kelahiran prematur. Etiologi preeklampsia belum jelas, diduga berhubungan dengan penurunan perfusi plasenta yang menyebabkan hipoksia plasenta. Hipoksia ini menginduksi aktivitas angiogenesis pada plasenta yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki mikrosirkulasi plasenta.Tujuan: Menilai aktivitas angiogenesis pada plasenta preeklampsia dan dibandingkan dengan plasenta ibu hamil normal.Rancangan penelitian: Merupakan studi komparatif potong lintang. Dua belas plasenta preeklampsia dan 13 plasenta ibu hamil normal sebagai kontrol diperoleh dari ibu bersalin yang mendonorkan plasenta di satu rumah sakit. Aktivitas angiogenesis dinilai dengan pemeriksaan migrasi sel-sel endotel Untuk menganalisis perbedaan aktivitas angiogenesis antar kelompok digunakan tes Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Aktivitas angiogenesis pada plasenta preeklampsia lebih tinggi bermakna secara statistik dibanding dengan plasenta ibu hamil normal (p<0.05).Kesimpulan: Hipoksia plasenta meningkatkan aktivitas angiogenesis pada plasenta preeklampsia. Pada penelitian k d respons lokal tidak optimal dalam meningkatkan mikrosirkulasi, karena terdapat 2 kasus berat bayi lahir rendah pada kelompok preeklampsia.

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Angiogensesis Activity Of Preeclamptic PlacentaBackground: Preeclampsia/eclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Preeclampsia also a major cause of fetal growth retardation and premature delivery. The etiology of preeclampsia is unclear. It is suggested that reduce placental perfusion leads to placental hypoxia, and then induced placental angiogenic activity. The purpose of the activity enhances the placental vascular bed.

Objective: To study angiogenic activity in preeclamptic placentas and compare those with placenta from normal pregnant women.

Study design: Comparative cross sectional study was used. Mothers who were delivered their baby in the same hospital donated their placentas. Twelve placentas from preeclampsia and 13 from controls were examined. The angiogenic activity was assayed using an endothelial cell migration assay. Differences in placental angiogenic activity between two groups were analysed using the Mann Whitney test.

Result: The angiogenic activity in the placenta from women with preeclampsia were significantly greater than that from women with normal pregnat. (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Placental hypoxia increased angiogenic activity in the placenta from women with preeclampsia. In this study, the local respons is not optimal in enhacing vascular bed, because 2 low birth weight babies was delivered in preeclampsia group."

"Infark miokard menyebabkan kematian kardiomiosit dan remodeling jantung pada situasi patologis. Pascainfark jantung tidak mampu mengatasi kehilangan kardiomiosit meskipun telah dilakukan rekanalisasi atau revaskularisasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode untuk mengembalikan fungsi jantung. Sel punca dapat memperbaharui diri dan berdiferensiasi menjadi berbagai tipe sel namun kesintasannya pada pasien masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan retensi dan regenerasi sel punca di miokardium dapat digunakan perancah/scaffold dan sistem ko-kultur, namun belum ada penelitian tentang hal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan terapi infark menggunakan injeksi hidrogel transepikardial dan implantasi di epikardial perancah patch membran amnion yang dideselularisasi menggunakan amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) dengan ko-kultur kardiomiosit. Penelitian ini menggunakan post-test only control group design yang dilakukan di Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia dari Juli 2021–Oktober 2022. Subjek penelitian adalah 15 babi Sus scrofa domesticus usia 2-3 bulan dibagi tiga kelompok: pAEC, pAEC + kardiomiosit, kontrol positif, dan 1 babi sebagai kontrol negatif. Torakotomi dilakukan untuk membuat model infark dengan ligasi arteri proximal branch to left ventricle (PLV) dilanjutkan implantasi pAEC dengan atau tanpa ko-kultur kardiomiosit pada kelompok terapi, kemudian diobservasi selama 6–8 minggu. Luas infark diukur dengan late gadolinium enhancement MRI; remodeling ventrikel kiri dengan ekokardiografi untuk menilai kontraktilitas, fibrosis dengan IHK, kardiomiogenesis dan regulasi apoptosis dengan RT-PCR, angiogenesis dinilai dengan IHK, dan fraksi ejeksi dinilai dengan ekokardiografi. Luas infark menurun pada kedua kelompok terapi (2,5 [2,00–3,00]% dan 3,60 ± 1,34% vs 9,50 ± 1,91%). Pewarnaan HE dan Masson trichrome menunjukkan berkurangnya proses fibrosis pada kedua kelompok, dikonfirmasi dengan hiperekspresi kolagen1 yang padat dan kaku pada kontrol positif dibandingkan kedua kelompok terapi yang memiliki ekspresi kolagen3 lebih dominan. Ekspresi α-smooth muscle actin pada kedua kelompok tampak tersebar menunjukkan penurunan fibrosis dan kontrol positif menunjukkan peningkatan fibrosis. Peningkatan kardiomiogenesis pada kedua kelompok dikonfirmasi dengan peningkatan ekspresi gen cardiac troponin T, gen myosin heavy chain, gen Nkx.2.5, gen c-Kit, dan penanda otot fungsional α-actinin. Penurunan apoptosis dikonfirmasi dengan penurunan ekspresi gen modulator apoptosis p21 dan ekspresi gen p53 yang berarti diferensiasi sel punca tidak bersifat tumorigenik. Regulasi apoptosis melalui ekspresi kaspase-9 tidak berbeda bermakna. Peningkatan angiogenesis dikonfirmasi dengan peningkatan ekspresi von Willebrand Factor dan ekspresi α-smooth muscle actin yang tersebar. Ekokardiografi menunjukkan perbaikan regional wall motion abnormality lebih banyak pada kelompok terapi daripada kontrol positif dan fraksi ejeksi tidak berbeda bermakna antar kelompok. Disimpulkan kombinasi injeksi hidrogel transepikardial dan implantasi di epikardial perancah patch membran amnion yang dideselularisasi dengan ko-kultur AEC dan kardiomiosit dapat mengurangi luas infark dan remodelling ventrikel kiri, serta meningkatkan angiogenesis pada babi model infark.

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Myocardial infarction induces cardiomyocyte death and remodelling a pathological condition. The post-infarct heart is unable to deal with cardiomyocyte loss despite recanalization or revascularization. Therefore, a procedure is required to restore cardiac function. Stem cells can self-renew and specialize into multiple cell types however the survival of stem cells in patients is still poor. To promote the retention and regeneration of stem cells in the myocardium, scaffolds and co-culture systems may be applicated, although there are no study findings on this issue. This study aimed to develop myocardial infarction therapy using transepicardial hydrogel injection and epicardial decellularized amniotic membrane scaffold patch implantation using amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) with cardiomyocyte co-culture. This study used a post-test-only control group design performed at the IPB University and the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, from July 2021 to October 2022. The study subjects were 15 Sus scrofa domesticus pigs aged 2-3 months placed into three groups: pAEC, pAEC + cardiomyocytes, positive control, and 1 pig as a negative control. Thoracotomy was conducted to create an infarct model with the proximal branch to left ventricle (PLV) artery occlusion followed by pAEC implantation with or without cardiomyocyte co-culture in the therapy group, then evaluated for 6–8 weeks. Infarct size was determined by late gadolinium enhancement MRI, left ventricular remodeling by echocardiography to evaluate contractility, fibrosis by IHC, cardiomyogenesis and regulation of apoptosis by RT-PCR, angiogenesis was assessed by IHC, and ejection fraction by echocardiography. Infarct size reduced in both therapy groups (2,5 [2,00–3,00]% and 3,60 ± 1,34% vs 9,50 ± 1,91%). HE and Masson trichrome staining demonstrated decreased fibrosis in both groups, confirmed by hyperexpression of dense and stiff collagen 1 in the positive control compared to the two therapy groups with more dominant collagen 3 expressions. The α-smooth muscle actin expression in both groups seemed to be scattered suggesting reduced fibrosis while the positive control showed increased fibrosis. Increased cardiomyogenesis in both groups was confirmed by increased expression of the cardiac troponin T gene, the myosin heavy chain gene, the Nkx.2.5 gene, the c-Kit gene, and the functional muscle marker α-actinin. The reduction in apoptosis has been confirmed by lower expression of the p21 apoptosis modulator gene and p53 gene expression, which suggests that stem cell differentiation is not tumorigenic. The control of apoptosis by caspase-9 expression was not significantly different. Increased angiogenesis was verified by increased von Willebrand Factor expression and scattered expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Echocardiography showed greater improvement in regional wall motion abnormalities in the therapy groups than in the positive control, and the ejection fraction was not significantly different between groups. It was concluded that the combination of transepicardial hydrogel injection and epicardial decellularized amniotic membrane scaffold patch implantation using AEC with cardiomyocyte co-culture could reduce infarct size and left ventricular remodeling, as well as increase angiogenesis in infarct model pigs."

"Latar belakang: Ulkus kornea dapat menyebabkan kebutaan karena sikatriks kornea. Transplantasi kornea sebagai tatalaksana sikatriks kornea berisiko tinggi mengalami kegagalan dengan adanya neovaskular pada kornea resipien. VEGF-A diduga sebagai faktor angiogenik utama dalam terbentuknya neovaskular kornea. Berdasarkan pengamatan klinis, neovaskular kornea pada pasien ulkus kornea bakteri lebih luas dibandingkan ulkus kornea jamur, namun belum pernah dibandingkan secara ilmiah. Tujuan: Studi ini membandingkan VEGF-A air mata dan neovaskularisasi kornea antara ulkus kornea bakteri dan jamur. Korelasi antara VEGF-A dengan luas neovaskular juga dihitung. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap pasien ulkus kornea bakteri dan jamur dengan sampel foto kornea dan air mata. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada hari pertama kedatangan dan diulang pada minggu keempat. Analisis foto kornea menggunakan peranti lunak ImageJ® untuk menilai luas neovaskular kornea dan luas defek kornea. Analisis VEGF-A air mata menggunakan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Perbedaan dianggap signifikan jika p<0,05. Hasil: Didapatkan 12 subjek ulkus kornea bakteri dan 10 subjek ulkus kornea jamur dengan rerata usia 37 tahun. Bakteri terbanyak Pseudomonas aeruginosa. dan jamur terbanyak Fusarium sp. Defek kornea setara pada awal (bakteri 25,6% (1,8-81,5) vs jamur 22,7% (3,0-45,0), p = 0,644) dan membaik pada minggu keempat (bakteri 0,04% (0-30,5) vs jamur 2,5% (0-15,1), p=0,368). Luas neovaskular kornea pada hari pertama setara (bakteri 10,3% (2,3-37,5) vs jamur 8,0% (3,7-22,8), p = 0,262) namun pada minggu keempat lebih luas pada kelompok bakteri (bakteri 21,6% (2,3-58,0) vs jamur 11,0% (5,4-22,5), p=0,033). VEGF-A air mata setara pada hari pertama (bakteri 215,6 pg/ml (58,0-1111,6) vs jamur 339,3 pg/ml (22,7-1313,0), p=0,391) dan minggu keempat (bakteri 399,7 pg/ml (181,9-1496,3) vs jamur 743,8 pg/ml (78,7-1416,5), p=0,792). Tidak didapatkan korelasi VEGF-A terhadap luas area neovaskular kornea (hari pertama r -0,28, p=0,212, minggu keempat r -0,04 p=0,855). Kesimpulan: Perbedaan luas neovaskular pada minggu keempat diduga karena faktor proangiogenik pada bakteri yang jarasnya melalui VEGF-A serta faktor antiangiogenik pada jamur yang mengalahkan pengaruh VEGF-A. Diperlukan penelitian mendasar yang mencari faktor antiangiogenik tersebut pada jamur.

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Background: Corneal ulcer can cause blindness due to corneal cicatrix. Corneal transplantation as the treatment of corneal cicatrix had higher risk for rejection or failure if the recipient’s cornea possessed neovascularization. VEGF-A was thought to be the major angiogenic factor in corneal neovascularization. Based on clinical observation, corneal neovascularization in bacterial corneal ulcers had more area than in fungal corneal ulcers, however it was never proved scientifically. Objective: This study aimed to compare tear fluid VEGF-A and corneal neovascularization between bacterial and fungal corneal ulcers. The correlation between VEGF-A and neovascular area was also measured. Methods: Corneal photograph and tear fluid samples of bacterial and fungal in corneal ulcer patients were studied. Sample was taken at the first visit and at the fourth week follow up. Corneal photograph was analyzed using ImageJ® software to measure neovascular area and defect area. Tear fluid VEGF-A was examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Difference was considered significant if p<0,05. Results: There were 12 bacterial corneal ulcer patients and 10 fungal corneal ulcer patients with mean age 37 years old. Most common bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa and most common fungi was Fusarium sp. Corneal defect area between the groups was similar at the first visit (bacterial 25,6% (1,8-81,5) vs fungal 22,7% (3,0-45,0), p = 0,644) and improved at the fourth week (bacterial 0,04% (0-30,5) vs fungal 2,5% (0-15,1), p=0,368). Neovascular area was similar among the groups at the first visit (bacterial 10,3% (2,3-37,5) vs fungal 8,0% (3,7-22,8), p = 0,262), however bacterial group showed larger area at the fourth week (bacterial 21,6% (2,3-58,0) vs fungal 11,0% (5,4-22,5), p=0,033). Tear fluid VEGF-A was similar at the first visit (bacterial 215,6 pg/ml (58,0-1111,6) vs fungal 339,3 pg/ml (22,7-1313,0), p=0,391) and the fourth week (bacterial 399,7 pg/ml (181,9-1496,3) vs fungal 743,8 pg/ml (78,7-1416,5), p=0,792). No correlation obtained between VEGF-A and corneal neovascular area (first visit r -0,28, p=0,212, fourth week r -0,04 p=0,855). Conclusion: The difference of neovascular area at the fourth week could be due to proangiogenic factor of bacteria through its effect on VEGF-A and antiangiogenic factor in fungi that may overcome VEGF-A effect. Further study is needed to confirm the antiangiogenic factor that fungi possess."

"ABSTRAKKanker kolon merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar keempat di dunia. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk melihat efek hambatan ekstrak biji kedelai dan bungkil padatahap awal karsinogenesis kolon. Mencit Swiss Webster berusia 12 minggudiinduksi dengan azoksimetan 10 mg/kg BB diikuti dengan pemberian dextransodium sulfat 2 melalui air minum. Ekstrak biji kedelai dosis 75, 150, dan 200mg, bungkil dosis 75, 150, dan 200 mg, dan aspirin 0,39 mg diberikan per oralselama 4 minggu. Efek hambatan karsinogenesis dinilai dengan mengkuantifikasijumlah radang, rerata sel goblet, rerata angiogenesis pada jaringan kolon yangdiwarnai hematoksilin-eosin. Aktifitas proliferasi dihitung sebagai mean AgNOR.Penurunan bermakna jumlah radang terjadi pada pemberian ekstrak biji kedelaidosis 150 maupun 200 mg, bungkil dosis 150 mg, dan aspirin p

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ABSTRACTColon cancer is the fourth cause of cancer death worldwide. The present studywas aimed to investigate the effect of soybean and soybean meal extract on earlycolon carcinogenesis.In this study, male Swiss Webster mouse was induced byazoxymethane 10 mg kg body weight followed by administration of 2 dextransodium sulfate during a week. Soybean, soybean meal extract at each dose of 75,150, and 200 mg daily and aspirin 0,39 mg kg body weight daily administeredorally for 4 weeks. Histopathological examination of the colon tissue hematoxyllin eosin staining was done by counting the number of inflammationspot, goblet cells and angiogenesis. Proliferation activity was calculated as meanAgNOR. Soybean extract 150 and 200 mg , soybean meal extract 150 mg andaspirin are significantly reduce the number of inflammation spot p"

"Blood vessels of tumors display many structural and functional abnormalities. Their unusual leakiness, potential for rapid growth and remodeling, and expression of distinctive surface molecules mediate the dissemination of tumor cells in the bloodstream and maintain the tumor microenvironment. Like normal blood vessels, they consist of endothelial cells, mural cells and their enveloping basement membrane. Common features, irrespective of their origin, size and growth pattern, are absent hierarchy, formation of large-caliber sinusoidal vessels, markedly heterogeneous density, increased permeability, decreased and abnormal pericyte-endothelial cell adhesion, irregular basement membrane structure, and the incorporation of bone-marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells in the microvasculature. A number of specific tumor endothelial markers have been identified, as well as chromosomal abnormalities. These markers may be used to deliver drugs specifically and selectively to the tumor microvasculature."

"This book explores the development and use of innovative computational and mathematical approaches for modeling the vascular development of tumors. Covers modeling of the angiogenesis cascade, and integrates vasculature development with tumor growth dynamics."

"Proceedings from the first International Symposium on Primo Vascular System 2010 (ISPS 2010) with special topics on cancer and regeneration was held in Jecheon, Korea during September 17-18, 2010. Includes coverage of new study results that have better revealed the functional aspects of PVS, including its roles in the areas of regenerative medicine and cancer."