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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
This study has been conducted to obtain possible correlation between Calcium concentration in the enamel of Incisive deciduous teeth of 6 to S years children in the Elementary school and tee caries experience of the same teeth.

The hypothesis is teat the caries experience is in parallel correlation with the Calcium concentration of, the affected teeth. The cross sectional study involves 53 selected children among 327 children examinee. Factor which influences the concentration of Calcium in tr7e enamel is the intake of Calcium of samples when they were still babies, whereas factor which influences caries is the plaque. It is found that there is no correlation between higher Calcium concentration and less caries experience (p>0.005). There is no significant difference in the concentration of Calcium between negative and positive caries children (p >. 0.05).

No significant difference is also found in the intakes Calcium of samples when they were still babies correlated with the concentration of Calcium in the enamel of samples (p > 0.05). There is no significant correlation between the caries experience and the plaque level 0.05).

The hypothesis is not supported by the data obtained. Higher Calcium concentration in enamel is not related to less caries experience. Longitudinal study which involves higher sample number is needed to observe the interaction of one variable to another to achieve better result of the similar study.

Abstrak :
Penelitian epidemiologik dan laboratorik dilakukan di daerah dekat aliran sungai Cisadane di Kabupaten Tangerang. Tujuan penelitian adalah mencari hubungan antara kandungan mineral dan logam berat di dalam air minum dengan kesehatan gigi dan jaringan lunak anak prasekolah di daerah aliran sungai Cisadane. Dilakukan pada 2 lokasi: daerah Serpong, yaitu daerah hulu sungai yang belum ada pabrik industri dan daerah Teluk Naga, yaitu daerah hilir sungai yang telah didirikan dan dioperasikan berbagai pabrik industri, dengan limbah yang dialirkan ke dalam sungai. Subyek penelitian adalah anak prasekolah usia 1-5 tahun, tinggal dan dibesarkan di lokasi penelitian, dan air sumur yang digunakan sehari-hari oleh anak dan diduga terkontaminasi oleh air sungai. Jumlah anak yang diperiksa 345, terdiri dari 155 anak dari daerah Serpong yang meliputi 14 posyandu dan 190 anak dari daerah Teluk Naga yang meliputi 6 posyandu. Dari pemeriksaan tersebut diperoleh hasil sbb: kebersihan mulut anak dari kedua daerah buruk dengan indeks plak masing-masing 2,26 (SD 0,80) untuk daerah Serpong dan 2,41 (SD 0,90) untuk daerah Teluk Naga pada indeks plak minimum 0,00 dan indeks maksimum 3,00). Prevalensi karies di daerah Serpong 80% dengan def-t dan def-s rata-rata 5,25 dan 11,85 dan prevalensi karies daerah Teluk Naga 80% dengan def-t dan def-s rata-rata 5,78 dan 12,77. Pada kedua daerah, def-t makin meningkat dengan makin bertambahnya usia. Prosentasi anak yang mengalami hipoplasia email, pewarnaan gigi, gingivitis dan pewarnaan gingiva di daerah Teluk Naga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah Serpong. Pemeriksaan air di laboratorium meliputi kadar Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, dan Hg. Kandungan Ca di dalam air minum di daerah Serpong lebih tinggi daripada daerah Teluk Naga. Sedangkan kandungan logam berat dalam air minum di daerah Teluk Naga lebih tinggi daripada di daerah Serpong. Logam Cu pada kedua daerah tidak terdeteksi. Kandungan Hg jauh melebihi standart yang ditentukan untuk air minum, terutama daerah Teluk Naga. Hubungan antara kalsium dengan gingivitis agak nyata, lebih jelas lagi hubungan antara kandungan Pb dan Hg dengan gingivitis dan pewarnaan gigi. ......The Effect of the Industrial Material Waste Product to the Dental Health of the Preschool ChildrenThe epidemiologycal and laboratoric studies were con-ducted at the areas close to the Cisadane river in Tangerang. The objectives of the studies were to find out the correlation between the mineral and heavy metals contain in the well drinking water with the dental health of the pre-school children who lived and reared at the areas of the up-stream and downstream of the Cisadane river. The studies have been conducted at Serpong, the area of the upstream of the river where there has not been industrial factory yet and Teluk Naga, the area of the downstream of the river where many industrial factories were situated, and their waste product were flushed into the river. The number of the examined children were 345, consist of 155 children of Serpong area who came from 14 posyandus and 190 children of Teluk Naga area who came from 6 posyandus. The oral hygiene of the children of that both areas were poor. The same prevalence of the dental caries of that both areas were 80%. The mean def-t and def-s of the area of Serpong were 5,25 and 11,85 respectively, and for the area of Teluk Naga were 5,78 and 12,77 respectively. The mean def-t by age of the both areas were increasing by the increasing of the children age. The percentage of the children who suffered from enamel hipoplasia, discoloration of the teeth, gingivitis, and the discoloration of the gingiva at Teluk Naga were higher than Serpong. The collected water from 5 wells for each posyandu were sent to the laboratory to examine the level of Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg. The contain of Ca in the well drinking water in Serpong was higher than in Teluk Naga, but the contain of heavy metals in the drinking water in Teluk Naga were higher than in Serpong. The laboratory examination, the element of Cu did not exist in both areas. The contain of Hg in the drinking water is much higher than the standart contain Hg in the drinking water. The correlation between Ca and gingivitis was a little bit clear. It was more clear the correlation between Pb and Hg with gingivitis and the discoloration of the gingiva.

Abstrak :
This second edition addresses the complex, multifaceted relationships between nutrition and oral health, explores proposed relationships between oral, systemic and nutritional well-being and provides insights into interprofessional, comprehensive care for individuals. Chapters focus on diet, nutrition and oral health promotion and disease prevention across the lifespan, oral and dental diseases and disorders, oral manifestations of systemic diseases, and discussions of the synergy between oral tissues and nutrients. Cutting edge research issues regarding the relationship of individual antioxidants, trace elements, polyphenols and other nutrient substrates and oral health/disease, nutrigenomics, screening for nutrition and oral risk and other areas are covered in detail. Editors and authors include experts in nutrition and oral health from around the world. This second edition is a invaluable resource for health professionals in the fields of nutrition and dentistry as well as other disciplines whose research, practice and education includes nutrition and oral medicine. It is an excellent resource for graduate level nutrition and dental students, dental and nutrition practitioners, educators and researchers as well as other health professionals.

Abstrak :
The aim of the present study was to investigate the histochemical effects of long-term soft diet in the medial pterygoid muscle as well as the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscles in growing rabbits. Eleven young rabbits were divided into two groups as solid diet (control group; n = 6) or soft diet (soft-diet group; n = 5) groups. After 6 months, muscle fibers from the medial and the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscles were histochemically defined. In the medial pterygoid muscle, the percentage of the type 1 fiber cross-sectional area to total area was 10.1 ± 2.4 % in the control group and 8.3 ± 3.0 % in the soft-diet group, respectively. In the soft-diet group, there was a trend toward an increase in the number of type 2A fibers, and toward a decrease in the numbers of type 2B fibers in comparison with the controls. In the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle, the percentage of the type 1 fiber cross-sectional area to total area was 8.4 ± 7.5 and 3.3 ± 2.7 %, respectively. Compared to that of the control group, the two heads in the soft-diet group showed a trend toward a decrease in the number of type 2A fibers. In addition, type 2B had a tendency to decrease in the number in the inferior head. In conclusion, this study suggests that long-term soft diet leads to adaptations of the pterygoid muscles. Two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle revealed different adaptation from jaw-closing muscles under soft-diet conditions.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan gigi peserta JKN di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2018 dimana utilisasi tersebut dilakukan di FKTP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat cross sectional dengan mengolah data sekunder yang di dapat dari Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah total sampling, yakni seluruh data kunjungan peserta ke layanan kesehatan gigi di FKTP Provinsi DKI Jakarta selama Januari 2018 – Desember 2018 digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan gigi peserta JKN di Provinsi DKI Jakarta masih rendah yaitu sebesar 4,19%. Kelompok Peserta JKN yang banyak melakukan utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan gigi di FKTP Provinsi DKI Jakarta yaitu kelompok usia dewasa (73,80%), jenis kelamin perempuan (56,86%), tempat tinggal di wilayah DKI Jakarta (83,48%), berstatus kawin (54,25%), lokasi FKTP di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur (30,56%), jenis FKTP klinik pratama (49,98%), dan segmentasi kepesertaan PPU (50,97%). Seluruh variabel yang diteliti memiliki hubungan yang signifikan untuk melakukan utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan gigi di FKTP Provinsi DKI Jakarta. ......This study attempts to know how the utilization of dental health services of JKN participants in DKI Jakarta Province in 2018 where the utilization is carried out in FKTP. This research is a quantitative study is cross sectional by processing secondary data that come from BPJS Health Sample Data in 2018. The sampling technique in this research was a total of sampling, which is all the participants' visits to dental health services in FKTP DKI Jakarta Province during January 2018 - December 2018 used as samples in the study. The analysis used are univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results showed that the utilization of dental health services of JKN participants in DKI Jakarta Province was still low at 4.19%. JKN Participants group that do a lot of dental health services in FKTP DKI Jakarta Province is the adult age group (73.80%), female gender (56.86%), live in DKI Jakarta area (83.48%), married status (54.25%), FKTP location in East Jakarta Administrative City (30.56%), primary clinic FKTP type (49.98%), and PPU membership segmentation (50.97%). All the variables studied had a significant relationship to utilize dental health services in FKTP DKI Jakarta Province.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah status gizi. Pertumbuhan gigi sulung dimulai sejak minggu ke lima kandungan. Oleh sebab itu, gizi ibu prenatal dan anak postnatal dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan gigi, termasuk karies gigi sulung. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan status gizi ibu periode prenatal dan status gizi balita dengan karies gigi sulung. Metode: Desain potong lintang secara analitik observasional. Data status gizi ibu dan anak diambil melalui Buku KIA dan KMS. Data karies melalui pemeriksaan deft. Hasil: Prevalensi ibu dengan gizi kurang periode prenatal 22,8 , 28,1 balita mengalami stunting, dan prevalensi karies gigi sulung 55,2 . Hubungan status gizi ibu periode prenatal dengan karies gigi sulung bermakna. ......Background: Indonesia still face nutritional problem. Primary teeth growth start in fifth weeks of prenatal period. Thus, the prenatal nutritional status of mothers'and their child's can affect the tooth health, including primary teeth caries. Objective: This study was analyzed the relationship between mother's nutritional status and their child of primary teeth caries. Method: Analytic observational with cross sectional design. The data about mother's nutritional status and their child's were taken from KIA and KMS. The data of caries were using deft assessment. Result: The prevalence of mothers and children with poor nutritional status were 22.8 and 28.1 . Prenatal nutritional status of mother's has a relationship to children's primary teeth caries.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Karies adalah penyakit akibat infeksi mikrobiologi yang mengakibatkan kerusakan lokal pada jaringan gigi, dimulai dengan terjadinya demineralisasi jaringan keras diikuti dengan kerusakan bahan organik dalam gigi. Karies terjadi akibat peristiwa demineralisasi tanpa diimbangi dengan remineralisasi yang memadai. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat tooth solid (powder) spray dan tooth liquid spray dengan bahan aktif 10% w/w kompleks CPP ? ACP dan EEP, dengan variasi konsentrasi EEP 0%, 2% dan 4% w/w untuk menghambat demineralisasi email gigi. Tooth spray melalui pengujian organoleptik dan viskositas untuk mengontrol hasil sediaan. Kestabilan pH tooth spray diuji untuk menjaga kondisi tooth spray tetap berada di atas pH kritis. Kestabilan kandungan polifenol sebagai zat antibakteri yang berasal dari propolis diuji selama satu bulan untuk memastikan bioavailibilitas zat aktif dalam tooth spray. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tooth spray memiliki aspek organoleptik dan viskositas yang memadai. Level pH dalam masing ? masing sediaan stabil di atas pH kritis rongga mulut (5.5), dengan range pH antara 6.5 ? 7.12. Kandungan polifenol masing ? masing tooth spray stabil dengan kandungan tertinggi dimiliki oleh tooth solid (powder) spray yang mengandung 4% EEP, yaitu 1.39 ? 1.45% w/w. Hasil pengujian morfologi gigi menggunakan SEM pasca aplikasi tooth spray menunjukkan seluruh formulasi tooth spray dapat memicu remineralisasi sehingga memiliki pengaruh menghambat demineralisasi gigi secara efektif dibanding kontrol negatif.

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ABSTRACT
Dental caries is a disease caused by microbial infection that produce localized damage to the tissue classification. The process begins by demineralization in hard tissue, followed by damage of the organic material. Dental caries happens because of demineralization without balanced by remineralization. In this study, tooth powder spray and tooth liquid spray was made with active ingredients of 10% w/w CPP ACP and EEP, with variation of 0%, 2% and 4% w/w EEP in every preparation to inhibit demineralization. Each preparation should cross organoleptic and viscosity study to maintain the quality. pH of each preparations was evaluated to make sure each preparation has pH over the critical pH of oral environment. Polyphenol stability as the antibacterial agent was evaluated for a month to make sure its bioavailability in the preparations. The result shows that each preparations has enough organoleptic aspect and good viscosity. pH level in each preparations is stable above critical pH of mouth environment (5.5), it ranges between 6.5 ? 7.12. Polyphenol content in each preparations is stable with highest polyphenol content is in tooth powder spray with 4% EEP, i.e. 1.39 ? 1.45%. w/w. Qualitative evaluation of tooth morphology by SEM shows that preparations can inhibit enamel demineralization respectively, relative to negative control.