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"Lateral lithology and saturation heterogeneities are key aspects of reservoir characterization. Amplitude versus offset (AVO), which is based on the change in reflection response caused by the change in incident angle, provides the relationship between reservoir parameters, petrophysical parameters, and elastic constants.Conventional AVO analysis and modeling by iteratively picking on the reflection event can sometimes be challenging due to practicalities of picking, resolution problems, and thin layer effects. Lithofacies identification based on seismic impedance inversion can alleviate these difficulties. Impedance inversion is also relatively free from the horizon interpretation problem, which can be subjective in heterogeneous reservoirs.In this study, we modify the Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) method to predict lateral lithologic and saturation heterogeneities from seismic data. To validate the developed method, we apply Simultaneous AVO inversion. The modified extended elastic impedance method uses a least squares weight combination of intercept and gradient to produce lateral and vertical elastic parameters or log analysis of interest. This method provides more reliable and stable results compared to the original extended elastic impedance. In addition, the method produces any type of elastic parameter without an explicit relation function."

"Pulau Timor merupakan salah satu pulau yang masuk kedalam kawasan timur Indonesia dan memiliki potensi minyak dan gas bumi. Kompleksitas struktur yang dimiliki Pulau Timor menjadi salah satu tantangan dalam melakukan kegiatan eksplorasi, untuk itu penelitian dilakukan guna mengembangkan informasi mengenai potensi area jebakan hidrokarbon berdasarkan penerapan ilmu geofisika. Penerapan ilmu tersebut dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan metode seismik dan metode gravitasi untuk menggambarkan struktur bawah permukaan di area penelitian. Integrasi kedua metode menghasilkan model penampang struktur bawah permukaan yang cukup sesuai. Kesesuaian tersebut terlihat oleh model penampang struktur yang dibuat dengan data gravitasi dan berdasarkan model penampang seismik menghasilkan nilai error yang cukup kecil yaitu, pada lintasan A-C memiliki error 3,93% dan pada lintasan D-F memiliki error 4,63%. Selain itu tiga garis (x,y dan z) identifikasi struktur hasil analisis derivative memiliki korelasi dengan hasil pemodelan, yang mana struktur yang teridentifikasi dapat terlihat dan tergambarkan dengan baik. Model penampang struktur yang ditelah dibuat dapat memberikan gambaran rekontruksi pembentukan Pulau Timor dan informasi mengenai element petroleum system berdasarkan struktur geologi. Sehingga semua informasi tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menentukan potensi area jebakan hidrokarbon dan sebagai infomasi awal guna mengurangi kegagalan dalam kegiatan eksplorasi.

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Timor Island is one of the islands that is included in the eastern of Indonesia and has oil and gas potential. The complexity of the structure owned by Timor Island is one of the challenges in conducting exploration activities, for that research is carried out to develop information on potential hydrocarbon trap areas based on the application of geophysical method. The application of this method is carried out by integrating seismic methods and gravity methods to describe subsurface structures in the research area. The integration of the two methods produces a cross-sectional model of the subsurface structure that is quite suitable. This conformity can be seen by the cross-sectional model of the structure made with gravity data and based on the seismic cross-sectional model which produces a fairly small error value, namely :  the A-C path has an error of 3.93% and the D-F path has an error of 4.63%. In addition, three lines (x, y and z) identification of the structure of the derivative analysis have a correlation with the modeling results, in which the identified structure can be seen and described well. The cross-sectional model of the structure that has been made can provide an overview of the reconstruction of the formation of Timor Island and information about the elements of the petroleum system based on the geological structure. So that all of this information can be used to determine potential hydrocarbon trap areas and as initial information to reduce failures in exploration activities. "

"Lapangan “X” merupakan salah satu lapangan yang memproduksikan minyak yang terletak pada Blok Selat Malaka, Cekungan Sumatra Tengah. Lapangan tersebut memiliki beberapa sumur yang telah proven yang tercakup kedalam data 3D seismik yang kemudian dilakukan eksplorasi untuk area sekitar sumur proven. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 sumur yang telah dilakukan analisis petrofisika dan data seismik yang berupa partial angle stack yang terdiri dari near angle, mid angle dan far angle. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode inversi simultan dan klasifikasi litologi menggunakan aturan bayesian. Hasil crossplot menunjukkan bahwa impedansi akustik dan rasio Vp/Vs merupakan parameter yang paling sensitif dalam memisahkan litologi dan fluida. Hasil inversi simultan berupa impedansi akustik bernilai 12000 (ft/s*gr/cc) hingga 19000 (ft/s*gr/cc) dan persebaran nilai Vp/Vs bernilai 2.0 hingga 2.5 Area target pengembangan terletak pada barat laut dari Sumur X-1 yang memiliki nilai impedansi akustik dan Vp/Vs yang rendah. Klasifikasi litologi yang dilakukan metode zonasi langsung dan aturan bayesian. Hasil klasifikasi dua metode tersebut menunjukkan bahwa daerah yang proven termasuk kedalam klasifikasi oil sand dan area target pengembangan yang terletak di barat laut Sumur X-1 juga termasuk ke dalam klasifikasi oil sand.

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The "X" Field is one of the oil-producing fields located in the Malacca Strait Block, Central Sumatra Basin. This field has several proven wells included in the 3D seismic data, which were then explored for areas around the proven wells. This study uses 3 wells that have undergone petrophysical analysis and seismic data in the form of partial angle stacks consisting of near angle, mid angle, and far angle. This Study uses simultaneous inversion methods and lithology classification using Bayesian rules. The crossplot results indicate that acoustic impedance and the Vp/Vs ratio are the most sensitive parameters for distinguishing lithology and fluids. The simultaneous inversion results show acoustic impedance values ranging from 12,000 (ft/s*gr/cc) to 19,000 (ft/s*gr/cc) and Vp/Vs values ranging from 2.0 to 2.5. The target development area is located northwest of well X-1, which has low acoustic impedance and Vp/Vs values. Lithology classification was conducted using direct zonation methods and Bayesian rules. The classification results from both methods indicate that the proven area is classified as oil sand, and the target development area northwest of well X-1 is also classified as oil sand."