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"Pendahuluan: Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa injeksi PGE2 pada mukosa bukal yang dikombinasikan dengan tekanan ortodonti dapat mempercepat pergerakan gigi, namun mempunyai kekurangan berupa resorpsi yang besar pada tulang alveolar dan akar gigi, serta rasa sakit karena penggunaan jarum suntik. Gel dipilih untuk menggantikan bentuk injeksi. PGE2 dalam bentuk gel dibuat untuk mengatasi kekurangan pemberian PGE2 secara injeksi. Tujuan: untuk melihat kedalaman penetrasi pada lapisan mukosa mulut tikus dan membuktikan bahwa gel PGE2 dapat berpenetrasi pada mukosa mulut tikus berdasarkan observasi hitung jumlah sel-sel PMN.Metode: Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorik in vivo. Uji efek penetrasi menggunakan 36 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley yang terdiri atas 16 tikus kelompok pengolesan gel PGE2, 16 tikus kelompok pengolesan gel tanpa PGE2 yang dibagi menjadi 1 jam, 2jam, 4 jam dan 8 jam pengolesan (setiap kelompok terdiri atas 4 tikus), serta 4 tikus tanpa perlakuan (normal) untuk validitas kelompok kontrol. Gel PGE2 dosis 25 µg/mL dan gel tanpa PGE2 dioleskan pada mukosa mulut rahang bawah selama 2 menit. Tikus di sacrifice setelah 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam dan 8 jam pengolesan. Kemudian dibuat sediaan histologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoxylin dan Eosin. Foto preparat diambil menggunakan OptiLab View. Hitung jumlah sel-sel PMN menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 100x untuk melihat kedalaman penetrasi pada lapisan mukosa dan pembesaran 400x untuk hitung jumlah PMN.Hasil: Penetrasi gel PGE2 setelah 1jam, 2 jam, 4 dan 8 jam pengolesan telah mencapai lapisan sub mukosa, di tandai dengan peningkatan jumlah sel-sel PMN. Berdasarkan uji oneway ANOVA menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan jumlah sel PMN yang bermakna pada mukosa rahang bawah tikus antara kelompok gel tanpa PGE2 dan normal. Terlihat peningkatan jumlah sel-sel inflamasi PMN secara bermakna antara kelompok pengolesan gel PGE2 dengan gel tanpa PGE2. (p=0,001).Kesimpulan : Gel PGE2 dapat berpenetrasi ke mukosa mulut tikus. Kedalaman penetrasi gel PGE2 dapat mencapai submukosa. Efek penetrasi gel PGE2 pada mukosa mulut menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sel-sel PMN setelah 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam dan 8 jam pengolesan gel PGE2 dibandingkan kontrol.

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Introduction: Several researchs reported that orthodontic force combined with PGE2 injection on buccal mucosa could accelerate tooth movement. But, it has a adverse effect such as over resorption of alveolar bone and root, also a pain due to needle infiltration. Gel was chosen to substitute injection. PGE2 in a form of gel is made to overcome the negative effects of PGE2 injection. Purpose: The aim of this study was to know the depth of the mucosal layer after PGE2 gel application and to prove that PGE2 gel could penetrate into oral mucosa based on the observation of PMN cells in rats.

Methods: The design is laboratory experience in vivo. Penetration test was using 36 rats Sprague Dawley that were divided into 16 rats with topical PGE2 gel , 16 rats with topical gel without PGE2 with 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 8 hours of application (each group consists of 4 rats) and 4 rats with no interference (normal) to the validity of the control group. Gel with 25 µg/mL of PGE2 and gel without PGE2 were applied on oral mucosa for 2 minutes. Then, the rats were sacrificed after 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 8 hours application. After that, the samples were prepared for histological examination with Hematoxyllin and Eosin. The picture were taken with OptiLab View and PMN cells –count with light microscope, set 100 times of magnification for observation the depth of PGE2 gel penetration and 400 times of magnification for count of PMN cells.

Results: It was shown the increase of PMN cells at all blasting in submucosa layer after 1 hour, 2 hour, 4 hour, and 8 hour of PGE2 gel application. ANOVA one-way test showed that there was no significant difference of the amount of PMN cells-count of mandible mucosa of rats between non-PGE2 gel and normal. However, there was significant difference of the amount of PMN cells-count between gel with PGE2 and gel without PGE2 ( p=0,001 ).

Conclusion : PGE2 gel could penetrate into rats oral mucosa. The depth of PGE2 gel penetration had reach the submucosa layer. The effect of PGE2 gel in oral mucosa showed PMN cells, 1 hour, 2 hour, 4 hour and 8 hour of topical application of PGE2 gel. The amount of PMN cells-count was significantly increased compared to control."

"Latar Belakang: White spot merupakan salah satu efek samping perawatan ortodonti dengan piranti cekat. Keberadaan lesi ini setelah debonding menimbulkan masalah estetik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perubahan warna white spot paska debonding setelah aplikasi fluor dan CPP-ACP. Metode: Pada penelitian ini digunakan empat puluh dua gigi premolar atas yang telah diekstraksi guna perawatan ortodonti, lalu dipasang braket, kemudian spesimen direndam dalam larutan demineralisasi untuk membentuk lesi white spot artifisial, dan selanjutnya braket dilepas. Sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok (n= 14) secara acak untuk diberi perlakuan: (1) Aplikasi gel 1.23% APF; (2) Aplikasi pasta 10% CPP-ACP, dan (3) kontrol. Pengukuran perubahan warna dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer dilakukan pada 3 waktu yaitu pada sebelum dan setelah white spot artifisial dibentuk, dan setelah white spot diberi perlakuan. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaaan warna white spot yang bermakna secara statistik sesudah perlakuan pada seluruh kelompok sampel. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada banyaknya perubahan warna white spot setelah aplikasi gel 1.23% APF dan pasta 10% CPP-ACP. Simpulan: CPP-ACP memberikan hasil perubahan warna white spot yang lebih baik secara visual, namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik dengan fluor.

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Background: White spot are common side effect in orthodontic treatment. The presence of the lesions after the removal of orthodontic aplliances still remains an esthetic problem.

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify color changes in post-debonding white spot lesions after fluor and CPP-ACP aplication.

Methods: Forty-two upper premolars which were extracted for orthodontic reasons, were selected as the sample teeth. Universal premolar brackets were bonded to the facial surfaces of the sample and the sample were exposed to demineralization solution to create artificial white spot lesions, and then brackets were debonded. The sample were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 groups (n= 14) and were assigned to this following treatment: (1) 1.23% APF gel; (2) 10% CPP-ACP paste, and (3) control group. Then all groups were assigned to pH cycling for 14 days. Color change measurements were determined using a spectrophotometer 3 times: before and after production of the artificial white spot lesions, and after the artificial white spot lesions were treated.

Results: This study showed that there was significant difference in the color of the artificial white spot lesions after treatment in all groups. There was not significant difference in the result of color changes between after aplication with 1.23% APF gel and 10% CPP-ACP paste.

Conclusions: CPP-ACP were giving better result in changing the color of white spot lesions, but it was not significantly different from the fluoride."