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"Pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh negara Turki berkaitan dengan sejarah peradaban Islam, peradaban Barat, serta sekularisasi yang mempengaruhinya. Kegemilangan serta kemunduran Khilafah Usmani sendiri disebabkan oleh perkembangan peradaban dan paham yang semakin modern, sehingga menghasilkan sebuah pembaharuan negara Turki ke dalam peradaban yang lebih modern. Penelitian pustaka ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan merujuk pada buku kesejarahan dan peradaban. Hasil penelitian ini untuk memberikan pencerdasan kepada para cendekiawan muslim, orang-orang Islam dan para intelektual pada umumnya bahwa keruntuhan Khilfah Turki Utsmani bukan hanya karena kekalahannya dalam perang Dunia I akan tetapi juga karena Peradaban barat yang berpengaruh besar pada peradaban Islam di dalam Kekhalifahan Turki Usmani.

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The renewal carried out by Turkey relating to the country of Islamic civilization, history of Western civilization, secularization that affected it. Now, as well as the decline of Ottoman Caliphate itself was caused by the development of civilization and understand an increasingly modern, resulting in a renewal of the State of Turkey into a more modern civilizations. This library is a research of qualitative research by referring to historical books and civilization. The results of this research to give more information to muslim scholars, Islamic people and intellectuals in General that the collapse of Ottoman Turkey Khilfah not only because of its defeat in World War I but also because of the influence of Western civilization on Islamic civilization in Turkey Ottoman Caliphate."

"Penelitian ini mengenai penatausahaan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) pada Satuan Kerja Badan Pengatur Hilir Minyak dan Gas Bumi (BPH Migas). Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur dan penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penatausahaan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) pada Satuan Kerja Badan Pengatur Hilir Minyak dan Gas Bumi (BPH Migas) belum berjalan dengan baik dan benar. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu agar Pemerintah melakukan penyempurnaan atas regulasi yang mengatur tentang iuran, membuat Standart Operating Procedure (SOP) iuran, melakukan sosialisasi kepada badan usaha, dan mempercepat proses penyelesaian Sistem Informasi Manajemen Iuran.

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This research was about administration of The Nation's Non-Tax Revenue (PNBP) in the Regulatory Body for Upstream Oil and Gas (BPH Migas). This researched was conducted by descriptive qualitative metodology with study literature and survey to collect data. The research showed that administration of The Nation's Non-Tax Revenue (PNBP) in the Regulatory Body for Upstream Oil and Gas (BPH Migas) did not work properly. The suggestions were the Government should improve the regulations of dues, build the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for dues, to do socialization to the entity, and accelerate the finishing process of Manajement Information System of Dues."

"The medicinal use of narcotics has a long history, extending back thousands of years, but installations for the ingestion of such substances are rarely preserved. One such installation was found in the Ottoman (fifteenth–seventeenth centuries) levels at Kaman-Kalehöyük, a multi-period settlement mound in central Turkey. Excavations of an Ottoman tandır or ventilated earth-oven have revealed a concentration of charred henbane seeds that suggest the hearth had been used for medicinal fumigation. Henbane smoke was a traditional treatment for relieving toothache and other maladies, but this is the first archaeological evidence for the practice in Asia."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang Grand Bazaar “Kapalıçarşı”(1461 M) Sebagai Mal Tertua Peninggalan Kesultanan Turki Osmani. Pada penelitian ini, penulis akan memaparkan Turki Osmani sebagai sebuah dinasti yang memiliki sejarah sangat panjang. Hal ini mencakup proses berdiri, masa jaya, hingga keruntuhannya yang memiliki fasenya masing-masing yang tidak sebentar. Dengan sejarah yang panjang tersebut, Turki Osmani meninggalkan berbagai peninggalan. Salah satu peninggalan terbesar dari Turki Osmani yang hingga saat ini masih dapat ditemui adalah Grand Bazaar. Tahap konstruksi pembangunan Grand Bazaar dimulai beberapa tahun setelah Turki Osmani menaklukkan Konstantinopel. Awalnya, Grand Bazaar didirikan untuk perdagangan berbagai jenis tekstil. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu komoditas yang diperdagangkan berubah dan berkembang. Bangsa Turki telah berhasil mempertahankan Grand Bazaar hingga ratusan tahun. Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh Bangsa Turki untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan Grand Bazaar hari ini dapat dijadikan pelajaran dan diadaptasi oleh Bangsa lain. Begitupun dengan para penjual dan pembeli yang terus berubah dan semakin beragam, mulai dari masyarakat lokal hingga internasional.

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This study explain about the Grand Bazaar “Kapalıçarşı”(1461 M) as the oldest market from Ottoman Empire. In this study, researcher will explain Ottoman Empire as Empire that had a long history. It includes the emerging of the empire, golden phase, and the collapse of empire that has their own long phase. Based on its history, Ottoman Empire has several legacy/heritage. One of the biggest heritage/legacy that we can found now is Grand Bazaar. The process of construction of the Grand Bazaar began in several years after Ottoman Empires conquer Constantinople. At first, the objective of establishment of Grand Bazaar was for market for any types of fabric. Yet, as time goes on, comodity that is sold has been changed. The sellers and buyers are also changed and varied from local people to people from other countries. People of Turkey succed to develop Grand Bazaar until hundred years. The efforts that has been done by People of Turkey in developing Grand Bazaar until now can be used as lesson learned and adapted by other country. Also about the sellers and buyers which has change and diverse, from the local people to international people."

"The Ottoman empire was one of the largest and most influential empires in world history. Its reach extended to three continents and it survived for more than six centuries, but its history is too often colored by the memory of its bloody final throes on the battle-fields of World War I. [This book is] for the general reader. [In the book, the author] recounts the story of the Ottoman Empire from its origins in the thirteenth century through its destruction in the twentieth. According to the Ottoman chronicles the first sultan, Osman, had a dream in which a tree emerged fully formed from his navel "and its shade encompassed the world"--Symbolizing the vast empire he and his descendants were destined to forge. His vision was soon realized - at its height, the Ottoman realm extended from Hungary to the Persian Gulf, from North Africa to the Caucasus. A multitude of religions flourished within its frontiers." With World War I, the Empire collapsed, and European colonial powers carved up former Ottoman lands. Their actions haunt us still - from the Balkans to Baghdad, the Ottoman sultanate once ruled over regions which are now amongst the most troubled on earth. In [the book, the author] narrates the dramatic history of this vast empire that shaped the modern world."

"Republik Turki, yang lahir di atas puing-puing Kekhalifahan Turki Ottoman, dibangun melalui nasionalisme yang tidak hanya berseberangan dengan pendahulunya, tetapi juga mengandung daya hancur terhadap struktur kekhalifahan sekaligus daya bangun bagi karakter bangsa Turki yang baru. Penelitian ini meninjau kembali bagaimana nasionalisme di Turki, yang sering dianggap bertolak belakang dengan nilai-nilai kekhalifahan, ternyata merupakan sintesis dari ingatan kejayaan masa kekhalifahan, nilai-nilai Islam, dan semangat nasionalisme Barat. Dengan metode studi pustaka, penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai sumber literatur untuk memaparkan dinamika kemunculan dan perkembangan nasionalisme di wilayah Turki Ottoman era Tanzimat, hingga perannya dalam membentuk identitas Republik Turki. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nasionalisme Turki tidak sekadar menjadi pemutus kontinuitas kekhalifahan, tetapi juga menjadi fondasi bagi pembentukan identitas Turki modern yang tetap mencerminkan warisan sejarah dan nilai-nilai keislaman.

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The Republic of Turkey, born on the ruins of the Ottoman Caliphate, was built through nationalism that was not only at odds with its predecessors, but also contained a destructive force against the structure of the Caliphate as well as a constructive force for the character of the new Turkish nation. This study reviews how nationalism in Turkey, which is often considered to be at odds with the values of the Caliphate, is in fact a synthesis of the memory of the glory of the Caliphate, Islamic values, and the spirit of Western nationalism. Using the library study method, this study examines various sources of literature to explain the dynamics of the emergence and development of nationalism in the Ottoman Turkish region during the Tanzimat era, to its role in shaping the identity of the Republic of Turkey. The results of this study show that Turkish nationalism is not only a breaker of the continuity of the Caliphate, but also a foundation for the formation of a modern Turkish identity that still reflects the historical heritage and Islamic values."

"Republik Turki, yang lahir di atas puing-puing Kekhalifahan Turki Ottoman, dibangun melalui nasionalisme yang tidak hanya berseberangan dengan pendahulunya, tetapi juga mengandung daya hancur terhadap struktur kekhalifahan sekaligus daya bangun bagi karakter bangsa Turki yang baru. Penelitian ini meninjau kembali bagaimana nasionalisme di Turki, yang sering dianggap bertolak belakang dengan nilai-nilai kekhalifahan, ternyata merupakan sintesis dari ingatan kejayaan masa kekhalifahan, nilai-nilai Islam, dan semangat nasionalisme Barat. Dengan metode studi pustaka, penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai sumber literatur untuk memaparkan dinamika kemunculan dan perkembangan nasionalisme di wilayah Turki Ottoman era Tanzimat, hingga perannya dalam membentuk identitas Republik Turki. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nasionalisme Turki tidak sekadar menjadi pemutus kontinuitas kekhalifahan, tetapi juga menjadi fondasi bagi pembentukan identitas Turki modern yang tetap mencerminkan warisan sejarah dan nilai-nilai keislaman.

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The Republic of Turkey, born on the ruins of the Ottoman Caliphate, was built through nationalism that was not only at odds with its predecessors, but also contained a destructive force against the structure of the Caliphate as well as a constructive force for the character of the new Turkish nation. This study reviews how nationalism in Turkey, which is often considered to be at odds with the values of the Caliphate, is in fact a synthesis of the memory of the glory of the Caliphate, Islamic values, and the spirit of Western nationalism. Using the library study method, this study examines various sources of literature to explain the dynamics of the emergence and development of nationalism in the Ottoman Turkish region during the Tanzimat era, to its role in shaping the identity of the Republic of Turkey. The results of this study show that Turkish nationalism is not only a breaker of the continuity of the Caliphate, but also a foundation for the formation of a modern Turkish identity that still reflects the historical heritage and Islamic values."