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"Kegiatan eksploitasi dan eksplorasi di antariksa sudah merupakan bagian dari kehidupan manusia. Kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dengan cara antara lain menempatkan satelit pada orbit-orbit tertentu. Prinsip pemanfaatan orbital dan melakukan kegiatan pada antariksa pada awalnya hanya dilakukan oleh segelintir negara maju. Akan tetapi pada saat ini, sudah banyak negara yang mampu meluncurkan satelitnya sendiri maupun mempergunakan wahana antariksa melalui pihak ketiga. Pada awalnya, pemanfaatan dan kegiatan tersebut berdasarkan prinsip OST 1967. Hal ini didasari atas pemikiran karena keterbatasan sumber daya yang ada sehingga tidak terjadi monopoli, penggunaan secara tidak terkontrol sehingga berdampak buruk baik bagi negara lain maupun dunia secara keseluruhan serta bertujuan damai untuk semua negara. Seiring dengan perjalanan waktu, kegiatan dan penggunaan antariksa semakin beragam. Selain itu juga tercermin dari kapitalisasinya yang tumbuh luar biasa terutama yang berkaitan dengan satelit sebagai alat telekomunikasi. Sehingga pengaturannya menjadi hal mutlak yang diperlukan karena keterbatasan sumber daya tersebut. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka kemudian dilakukan penelitian secara yuridis normatif terhadap asas dan norma serta bersifat deksriptif analisis untuk menganalisa antara perundangan yang berlaku dengan praktek yang ada di lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara dua tahap yaitu pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka serta mencari sumber sekunder seperti makalah, tulisan ilmiah dan lain sebagainya guna mendukung pemahaman terhadap permasalahan yang ada. Sehingga akan diperoleh suatu pembahasan yang akurat, cermat dan memenuhi standarisasi ilmiah dan keilmuan. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan cara mengacu kepada hasil penelitian sekunder, menelaah hukum internasional yang ada serta mencermati tiap perundangan yang ada di Indonesia. Hal ini dilakukan agar dapat secara komprehensif mengenali, mengetahui secara mendalam serta dapat mengambil suatu kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian dalam penyusunan skripsi ini menunjukan bahwa pemerintah selalu terlambat dalam memberikan suatu peraturan yang terperinci, jelas dan dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan hukum bagi penyelenggara, pebisnis dan dunia usaha. Dimana pada saat ini, kepastian hukum mutlak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu antisipasi regulasi yang memberikan kenyamanan baik bagi pelaku usaha, masyarakat serta pemerintah harus selalu diberikan. Keterlambatan tersebut mengakibatkan rendahnya pendapatan yang diperoleh dari sektor tersebut. Sehingga bisa menghambat pembangunan infrastuktur telekomunikasi.

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Exploitation and exploration activities in space has been a part of human life. The activities carried out by, among others, to put satellites in certain orbits. The principle use of orbital and outer space activities at initially only done by a handful of developed countries. However, at this time, many countries capable of launching its own satellites and spacecraft use by a third party. At first, the use and the activities based on the principles of OST 1967. This is based on the premise due to the limited resources available so there is no monopoly, uncontrolled usage so good be bad for other countries and the world as a whole as well as for all nations for peaceful purposes.

Over time, activities and more diverse use of space. It also reflected the growing capitalization outstanding primarily related to the satellite as a means of telecommunication. So setting it becomes absolutely necessary due to limited resources.Based on this, it is then carried out research on the normative principles and norms as well as descriptive analysis is to analyze the existing law the existing practice in the field. Data was collected by means of two stages: data collection through library and look for secondary sources such as papers, scientific literature, and so forth in order to support the understanding of the existing problems. So that would be obtained by a discussion of accurate, thorough and meets scientific and scholarly standards.

The discussion is done by referring to the results of secondary research, reviewing existing international law and look at every existing legislation in Indonesia. This is done in order to comprehensively identify, knowing in depth and can take a conclusion.The results of research in the preparation of this paper shows that the government is always late in giving a detailed rule, clear and can be used as a legal reference for the organizers, business and corporate world. Where at this time, absolutely necessary legal certainty. It is therefore anticipated regulations that provide good comfort for the business, community and government should always be given. The delay resulted in lower revenue generated from the sector. Which can inhibit the development of telecommunications infrastructure."

"ABSTRAKTidak dapat dipungkiri, dalam suatu kota yang terus berkembang tentunyaakan selalu ada ruang-ruang kota yang kehilangan fungsi dan identitasnya, ataudapat juga disebut lost space. Kehadiran lost space membuat berbagai elemenyang ada dalam suatu kawasan menjadi kurang terintegrasi dan mengakibatkanorang-orang yang tinggal di dalamnya kehilangan kesempatan untuk beraktivitassecara efektif dan berinteraksi dengan penduduk lainnya. Secara khusus padakawasan neighborhood, kehadiran suatu ruang publik sangat berpengaruhterhadap terbentuknya ikatan sosial (neighborhood social ties) yang memilikisense of community. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, para perancang urbanmenggunakan konsep placemaking untuk memanfaatkan lost space pada kawasanneighborhood sebagai ruang publik untuk meningkatkan interaksi sosial danikatan sosial dalam suatu kawasan neighborhood.Berdasarkan studi kasus yang dilakukan, ruang sisa pada kawasanneighborhood dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi ruang terbuka publik melalui konsepredesign dan placemaking. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan melihat potensi kontekstidak hanya dari segi dua dimensi, tapi juga tiga dimensi serta kondisi masyarakatsebagai pengguna ruang. Selain itu, karakteristik neighborhood jugamempengaruhi penggunaan serta interaksi sosial yang terjadi dalam suatu ruangpublik.

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ABSTRAKIt is undeniable that in a developing city there will always some city spaceswhich lose their function and identity, called as lost space. Lost space presencemakes city elements become less integrated and causes the people who lives thereto lose their opportunity for doing their activities effectively and interacting withother people. Especially in inner-city neighborhood, the presence of public spaceis highly influential to the formation of neighborhood social ties which have senseof community within it. Due to those phenomenon, urban designers useplacemaking concept to utilize lost space in inner-city neighborhood as publicspace to increase neighborhood social interaction and social ties.Based on the analysis of case studies, lost space in inner-city neighborhoodcan be utilized as public open space through redesigning and placemakingconcepts. The concepts are performed by analyzing the potential of context notonly two dimentionally but also three dimentionally and observing the conditionof the people who lives in there. Moreover, the neighborhood characteristics alsodetermine the usage of public space and social interaction within it."

"This book is a comprehensive and authoritative study of the increasing need for commercial astronauts. Erik Seedhouse provides unique insights into the burgeoning new field of commercial space operation and the individuals who will run these missions. Section I begins by describing how Astronauts for Hire (A4H) was created in 2010 by Brian Shiro, a highly qualified NASA astronaut candidate, and a group of other astronaut candidates. Erik introduces A4H's vision for opening the space frontier to commercial astronauts and describes the tantalizing science opportunities offered when suborbital and orbital trips become routine. Section II describes the vehicles astronauts will use. Anticipation is on the rise for the new crop of commercial suborbital and orbital spaceships that will serve the scientific and educational market. These reusable rocket-propelled vehicles are expected to offer quick, routine, and affordable access to the edge of space, along with the capability to carry research and educational crew members. The quick turnaround of these vehicles is central to realizing the profit-making potential of repeated sojourns by astronauts to suborbital and orbital heights. Section III describes the various types of missions this new corps of astronauts will fly and who will hire them. For example, suborbital flights may be used to do high altitude astronomy, life science experiments, and microgravity physics. This section continues with an examination of the types of missions that will accelerate human expansion outward, to Exploration Class missions through lunar bases, the establishment of interplanetary spaceports, and outposts on the surface of Mars. Along the way it describes the tasks commercial astronauts will perform, ranging from mining asteroids to harvesting helium."