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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pada sektor industri, kemasan telah menjadi barang penting setiap hari, dan penggunaannya semakin meningkat sejalan dengan ekonomi global. Jenis kemasan dengan penggunaan paling banyak adalah menggunakan paper and paperboard. Material kertas juga memiliki beberapa kelemahan, diantaranya proses penguraian oleh alam yang memerlukan waktu 2 ndash; 5 bulan. Jenis material kertas yang paling banyak diproduksi didunia adalah Corrugated. Setelah End-of-life EOL produk kemasan kertas menumpuk dan menjadi sampah. Studi penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkat nilai material dari segi value, fungsi dan performa dengan mengimplementasikan dari beberapa pendekatan, prinsip desain, proses atau perlakuan dari material dan usaha lainnya yang disebut material value upgrading. Salah satu pemanfaatan kemasan kertas karton bergelombang untuk meningkatkan nilai material setelah masa End-of-life EOL telah selesai, yaitu menggunakan prinsip Design For Other Usage untuk pembuatan papan serat.

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ABSTRACT
In the industrial sector, packaging has become an important item every day, and its use is increasing in line with the global economy. Type of packaging with the most use is to use paper and paperboard. Paper materials also have some weaknesses, betwixt the process of decomposition by nature that takes 2 5 months. The most widely produced paper material in the world is Corrugated Paperboard. After End of life EOL paper packaging products pile up and become waste. The study was conducted to minimize the reduction of value degradation and maximize residual value and also improve the life cycle and total value of the goods by implementing from several approaches, design principles, processes or treatment of materials and other business called material value upgrading. One the use of Corrugated Paperboard to increase the value of material after the End of life EOL period that has been completed, using the Design For Other Usage principle for the manufacture of fiber board and coatings of the fiberboard

Abstrak :
Recycled fibres are important sources for paperboard industry. There are various approaches to enhance the strength of recycled fibres. These approaches include mechanical treatment, chemical addition, and physical fractionation as well as blending with virgin fibres. In this study, two types of deinked old newsprint (ONP) pulp were subjected to blending with virgin fibres of rice straw. The ONP pulp was blended with rice straw pulp at 4 intervals ranging from 0 to 100% addition. It was observed that blending ONP with rice straw pulp had enhanced the strength of the virgin fibre and vise versa. The modification of rice straw fibres was visually evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the addition of the flexible ONP pulp type2 seemed to fill up the voids in the paper sheet and created more bonding with rice straw fibres. Shrimps exoskeletons poweder, borax and cactus peel extract were added to paper board made from 50% rice straw+50% ONP type2 pulp at percent of 2% based on oven dry weight pulp. The antimicrobial activity of each of these three additives was studied.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Furnitur pada ruang komersil umumnya menggunakan material kayu, plastik, atau metal sebagai bahan bakunya karena material tersebut versatile dalam desain furnitur. Seluruh material tersebut dengan karakteristiknya masing-masing telah terbukti kekuatannya, dapat dimodifikasi dengan mudah dan tahan untuk pemakaian indoor maupun outdoor pada ruang komersil untuk berbagai jenis aktivitas dan intensitas pemakaian yang tinggi. Di sisi lain, material corrugated cardboard merupakan material yang biasanya hanya digunakan untuk pengemasan produk. Material tersebut memiliki struktur yang membuatnya memiliki kemampuan bantalan untuk menahan beban, yakni lapisan medium bergelombang atau flute yang didukung dengan lapisan liner pada masing-masing sisinya. Corrugated cardboard merupakan jenis kertas, dan terdapat familiaritas bahwa material ini adalah material yang murah dan lemah, terutama karena sifatnya yang tidak tahan air, ringan, dan mudah mengalami deformasi. Dengan struktur material dan karakteristiknya tersebut, maka perlakuan material, performa dan durabilitas corrugated cardboard sebagai furnitur akan berbeda dibandingkan material lain yang umum digunakan pada furnitur di ruang komersil. Perlakuan material corrugated cardboard yang digunakan sebagai struktur dan tektonik furnitur, akan menciptakan fungsi dan estetika visual pada desain furnitur.

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ABSTRACT
Commercial furnitures generally use wood, plastic, or metal materials as their materials because they are versatile for furniture design. All these materials with their respective characteristics have proven their strength, can be easily modified and resistant for indoor or outdoor use in commercial space for various types of activity and high intensity of use. On the other hand, corrugated cardboard is a material that usually used only for packaging of products. The material has a structure that has the cushioning ability to withstand loads, which is a layer of corrugated medium or flute supported by a layer of liner on each side. Corrugated cardboard is a type of paper, and there is the familiarity that this material is a cheap and weak material, mainly because it is not waterproof, lightweight, and easy to deform. With the material structure and its characteristics, then the material treatment, performance and durability of corrugated cardboard as furniture will be different than other materials commonly used for furniture in commercial space. The corrugated cardboard material treatment used as the structure and tectonic of furniture, will create the function and visual aesthetics of the furniture design.

Abstrak :
Studi pemanfaatan limbah untuk adsorpsi logam berat banyak menarik perhatian. Pada penelitian ini, selulosa yang berasal dari serat kardus bekas (WCF) dimodifikasi dengan nanokitosan (WCF/NCH) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsi ion logam berat. WCF disiapkan dengan penambahan NaOH untuk memisahkan serat dengan material non selulosa. Hasil karakterisasi spektrofotometer FTIR menunjukkan modifikasi WCF dengan nanokitosan berhasil dilakukan dengan kondisi optimum pada 1 kali pencelupan nanokitosan. Hasil modifikasi WCF/NCH mampu mengadsorpsi larutan ion logam Pb(II) dan Cd(II). Kondisi optimum adsorpsi ion logam Pb(II) didapatkan pada pH awal 6,5, dosis adsorben 0,025 g, waktu kontak selama 10 menit, temperatur reaksi 30 ºC serta kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 167,19 mg/g. Hasil optimasi ion logam Cd(II) menunjukkan proses adsorpsi berlangsung optimum pada pH awal 7,0, dosis adsorben 0,025 g, waktu kontak 15 menit, temperatur reaksi 30 ºC serta kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 15,86 mg/g. Proses adsorpsi pada WCF/NCH untuk ion logam Pb(II) dan Cd(II) mengikuti model isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir. Studi termodinamika pada adsorpsi ion logam Pb(II) menunjukkan nilai energi bebas Gibbs (ΔGo) negatif pada semua temperatur yang diamati mengindikasikan proses adsorpsi berlangsung secara spontan, sedangkan pada adsorpsi ion logam Cd(II) menunjukkan nilai positif yang mengindikasikan proses adsorpsi berlangsung tidak spontan. ...... Recent Study of the utilization of wastes as low-cost adsorbent have become attention. In this work, cellulose from waste corrugated board fiber (WCF) was modified with nanochitosan (WCF/NCH) to enhance its ability to adsorb heavy metal ion. WCF was prepared by the addition of NaOH to separate the cellulose fiber with non-cellulose material. Modification of WCF/NCH was characterized by FTIR. Optimum modification process was obtained at 1 layer of nanochitosan. WCF / NCH can be used for adsorption Pb (II) and Cd (II) ion. Optimum condition for adsorption of Pb(II) ion takes place at the initial pH 6.5, 0.025 g adsorbent dose, 10 minutes of contact time, temperature 30 ºC, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 167.19 mg/g. Optimum condition for adsorption of Cd(II) ion occur at initial pH 7, 0.025 g of adsorbent dose, 15 minutes of contact time, temperature 30 oC, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 15.86 mg/g. The process of adsorption for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ion on WCF/NCH follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Thermodynamics studies for adsorption of Pb(II) shows that the adsorption have negative value at any temperatures indicating adsorption process takes place spontaneously, whereas adsorption of Cd(II) ion have positive value indicating adsorption process takes place non-spontaneously.