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Abstrak :
Polusi debu particulate matter 10 mikron (PM10) di Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan Selatan menunjukkan peningkatan. Meningkatnya kadar PM10 merupakan isu signifikan yang menimbulkan gangguan pernafasan. Pada tahun 2000 prevalensinya sebesar 36,9 %, sedangkan 2001 menjadi 40,92 %. Studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar debu PMI0 rumah dan PM10 ambien dengan kejadian gangguan pernafasan pada bayi dan balita. Pengukuran PM10 dilakukan di dalam rumah yaitu ruang dapur, ruang tidur, dan ruang tamu, sedangkan di luar rumah pengukurannya dilakukan sejauh lima meter dan pintu depan. Dari 384 responden ditemukan 202 rumah dengan kadar debu PM10 lebih dari 70 µg/m3 dan 182 rumah kurang dari 70 µg/m3. Terhadap rumah yang kadar debu PMI0 lebih dari 70 µg/m3, ditemukan 111 bayi dan balita (55%) mengalami gangguan pernafasan. Sedangkan terhadap rumah yang kandungan PM10 kurang dari 70 µg/m3 hanya ditemukan 51 bayi dan balita (28%) mengalami gangguan pemafasan. Bayi dan balita tinggal di dalam rumah dengan kadar debu PM10 nya lebih dari 70 µg/m3(OR = 4,75; p value = 0,0005) mempunyai risiko mengalami gangguan pernafasan sebesar 4,75 kali dibandingkan dengan kadar debu PM10 rumah kurang dari 70µg/m3 setelah dikontrol oleh kadar debu PM10 ambien dan kelembaban? (abstrak tidak lengkap ter-scan).

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Dust Exposure in Relation with Respiratory Health Effects (Study on Baby And Children Aged Less Than Five Years Inhabiting The Coal Transportation Lane at Subdistrict Mataraman in District Banjar, South Borneo)Dust pollution of Particulate Matter 10 micron (PM10) in Banjar District, South Borneo increases. This is a significant issue causing respiratory health effects. Its prevalence is 36,9 % in 2000 and 40,92 % in 2001. This cross sectional study is aimed at finding the relationship between indoor dust consentration PM,() and PM10 ambient and the respiratory effects on baby and children aged less than five years. PMto measurement is done indoors such as in kitchen, bedroom and visiting room. On the other hand, outdoor measurement is conducted on space as far as 5 metres of the front door. From 384 respondents, it is found that there are 202 households with consentration PM10 more than 70 Mg/m3 and 182 households with concentration less than 70 Mg/m3. To the household with consentration PMI0 more than 70 Mg/m3, it is found that 111 (55%) baby and children aged less than five years infected by respiratory health effects. On the other hand, to the household with consentration PM10 less than 70 Mg/m3, it is found that only 51 babies and children aged less than five years (28 %). Baby and children aged less than five years inhabiting the home under consentration PM10 more than 70 Mg/m3(OR = 4,75; p value = 0,0005) is mostly probable to be infected by respiratory health effects as much as 4,75 times compared with consentration PM10 less than 70 Mg/m3 after being controlled by dust consentration PM1O ambient and indoor humidity and the interaction between dust consentration PMio home and dust consentration PMio ambient, and the interaction between home ventilation and dust consentration PMIO ambient. Dust consentration PMI0 indoor is related with respiratory health effects to baby and children aged less than five years. PMio home is influenced by PM1o ambient. The more PMio ambient is, the more dust consentration PMIO home will be. The influentian variables in this research are ventilation, humidity and PMIO ambient. To reduce dust consentration PMIO ambient influence to dust consentration PMlo home in coal transportation lane, it is suggested that inhabitant plant many trees beside the lane or their yards.

Abstrak :
Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi pernapasan yang masih tinggi kejadiannya pada usia balita. Banyak faktor yang dapat memengaruhi pneumonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 237 balita. Berdasarkan uji regresi logistik prediktif didapatkan ada 5 variabel yang berhubungan  dengan kejadian pneumonia yaitu usia, durasi pemberian ASI, riwayat imunisasi, kepadatan hunian dan status ekonomi. Adapun faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada penelitian ini adalah riwayat imunisasi (OR 20,372). Program promosi kesehatan pada pelayanan kesehatan lebih ditingkatkan mengenai faktor risiko tersebut sebagai upaya preventif terjadinya pneumonia pada balita. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat melakukan penelitian dengan metode case control.

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Pneumonia is one of the respiratory infections that is still high at the age of five. Many factors can affect pneumonia. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in infants. The research design used was cross sectional with a total sample of 237 toddlers. Based on the predictive logistic regression test, there were 5 variables related to the incidence of pneumonia, namely age, duration of breastfeeding, immunization history, occupancy density and economic status. The factors most associated with the incidence of pneumonia in this study were immunization history (OR 20,372). Health promotion programs on health services are more improved regarding these risk factors as a preventive effort for the occurrence of pneumonia in children under five years. Future studies are expected to be able to conduct research using the case control method.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Anak-anak merupakan kelompok umur yang memiliki risiko tinggi karena pencemaran particulate matter PM10. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan penelitian untuk melihat hubungan asupan pajanan PM10 dengan gejala gangguan pernafasan pada anak sekolah dasar. Dalam penelitian ini variabel intake pajanan particulate matter, jenis kelamin, umur dan status gizi diteliti pengaruhnya terhadap gejala gangguan pernafasan. Disain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, analisis data dilakukan dengan univariat dan bivariat terhadap 102 responden. Pengukuran PM10 dilakukan selama 1 jam pada 4 titik sampling telah menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM10 telah melampaui baku mutu sebesar 120,25 μg/m3. Sebanyak 43,1% responden mengalami gejala gangguan pernafasan dan disimpulkan bahwa intake pajanan PM10 yang tinggi berhubungan signifikan dengan gejala gangguan pernafasan dengan peluang 3 kali dibanding responden dengan intake pajanan rendah (p value =0,009). Hubungan antara intake PM10 dan gejala gangguan pernafasan dipengaruhi juga oleh umur responden dengan p value 0,018.

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ABSTRACT
Children are within high risk age group of particulate matter PM10 exposure. Therefore, a study needs to be conducted to see the correction of PM10 exposure intake with respiratory symptoms in elementary students age group. In this study, the intake of the PM10 exposure, the gender, the age and the nutritional status are examined to know their effects on the respiratory symptoms. The study design being used is cross sectional, with univariat and bivariat analysis on 102 respondents. The measurement of PM10 carried out in 1 hour at 4 sampling points has shown that the concentration of the PM10 has exceeded the standard quality of 120.25 μg/m3. A total of 43.1% respondents are experiencing respiratory symptoms and it is concluded that high exposure intake of PM10 is significantly associated with respiratory symptoms with higher chances a chance of 3 times compared to respondents with low exposure intake (p value = 0.009). The relationship between the exposure of PM10 and respiratory symptoms is also influenced by the age of the respondents with p value of 0,018

Abstrak :
Kejadian penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyebab kesakitan utama pada balita di negara berkembang. Demikian juga di wilayah Puskesmas Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta, kondisi ini terlihat dari prevalensi penyakit ISPA yang selau mengalami kenaikan dan menempati urutan pertama dari sepuluh besar penyakit berdasarkan Laporan Tahunan Puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah yang meliputi kepadatan hunian rumah, ventilasi rumah, dan kelembaban rumah dengan kejadian ISPA. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2011 di Kecamatan Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Subyek yang diteliti yaitu seluruh rumah yang didalamnya terdapat balita berusia no sampai lima tahun dengan besar sampel 97 responden.Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara terstruktur, observasi, dan pengukuran. Uji statistik menggunakan uji kai kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kepadatan hunian rumah (OR=8,254 , p=0,000 ), ventilasi rumah (OR=2,625 , p=0,033 ), dan kelembaban rumah (OR=3,010 , p=0,018 ) dengan kejadian ISPA. Berdasarkan Penelitian ini upaya untuk mengurangi kejadian ISPA pada balita adalah dilakukan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kualitas hunian rumah serta penyebarluasan informasi mengenai kualitas udara dalam rumah yang buruk dapat menimbulkan gangguan ISPA. ......Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the one of the main painfulness cause in children under five years old developing countries. It also happen in Area Mergangsan Public health Yogyakarta City, it is shown by increase prevalence of respiratory infection and it was ranked the firts of big ten diseases based on yearly report of community health centre. The aim of this research was to know the relationship between physical environment condition included density of house dwelling, house ventilation and house dampness with the ARI incidence. This research was done in Mei 2011 in Working area of Mergangsan Yogyakarta City. The type of this research with cross sectional approach. The subject were all of the house which have children under five years old with 97 respondents sample. Data were collected throught structured interviews, observation and measurement. The result of this research indicated that there was a relationship between density of house dwelling (OR=8,254 , p=0,000 ),house ventilation (OR= 2,625, p= 0,033), between house dampness (OR= 3,010 ,p= 0,018 ) with ARI insidence. From this research is suggested to passing observation effort and conselling to society to increase the quality of dwelling and also dissemination of information hiting the quality of air in ugly house can generate disturbance of acute respiratory infection.

Abstrak :
Imaging in pediatric pulmonology is a definitive reference to imaging and differential diagnosis for pediatric pulmonology. Diseases and disorders seen in everyday clinical practice are featured, including infections, developmental disorders, airway abnormalities, diffuse lung diseases, focal lung diseases, and lung tumors. Organized to support the clinical thought process, the text begins with a series of clinical algorithms that provide a starting point for formulating a diagnosis. The physician will be able to identify the differentials by symptom complex and accordingly determine what test would be effective and how to proceed. The balance of the book is image-based and presents a comprehensive, multi-modality approach, with an emphasis on plain film and cross-sectional imaging. The imaging sections are correlated with pathology and clinical findings to help readers learn what the modality of choice can enable them to see.