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"Textbook of penile cancer reports accurately on recent developments in the management of penile cancer, whilst also covering the fundamentals of the disease, to provide a comprehensive, stand-alone and up-to-date volume on the subject. The surgical management of penile cancer is shifting towards increasingly refined methods, as it is believed that a proportion of patients undergo overtreatment for the disease. Where traditionally the management of penile cancer has involved partial or total penectomy combined with radical inguinal lymphadenectomy, over the last few years the treatment involves conservative penile reconstructive surgery such that sexual function and phallic length is preserved. Furthermore, the increasing utilization of sentinel lymph node biopsy rather than radical inguinal lymphadenectomy prevents the unnecessary removal of lymph nodes in patients where lymph node metastases has not occurred. There is also likely to be a change in the role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced disease.Textbook of penile cancer covers the epidemiology, molecular biology, radiological imaging, as well as the latest surgical advances in the treatment of this disease. "

"Pendahuluan dan tujuan: Kanker penis merupakan keganasan yang jarang terjadi dan berpotensi mematikan dengan insidensi 0,6-2,1 per 100.000. Karsinoma sel skuamosa (SqCC) adalah keganasan penis yang paling sering ditemukan. PD-L1 adalah penanda tumor yang ikut menstimulasi reseptor PD-1 untuk menekan imunitas antitumor yang dimediasi oleh sel T. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif dengan metode pengambilan sampel total. Slide yang diambil dari biopsi tujuh puluh enam pasien pria dari Rumah Sakit Haji Adam Malik yang didiagnosis dengan karsinoma sel skuamosa penis yang telah menjalani biopsi penis diperiksa ulang untuk penelitian ini, dan kadar PD-L1 diukur. Metode statistik digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara kadar PD-L1 dan stadium SqCC. Hasil: Sebanyak 76 pasien pria menjadi subjek penelitian ini. PD-L1 positif diidentifikasi pada 25 pasien dengan intensitas +1 pada 10 pasien (13,2%), +2 pada 7 pasien (9,2) dan intensitas +3 pada 8 pasien (10,5%). Terdapat 36 pasien (47,4%) yang didiagnosis dengan stadium T3 SqCC, 35 pasien (46,1%) dengan stadium N2 SqCC, dan 10 pasien (13,2%) dengan stadium M1 SqCC. Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara ekspresi PD-L1 dan metastasis (p=0,022). Namun, tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara ekspresi PD-L1 dan tumor stadium N (p=0,167). Kesimpulan: PD-L1 diekspresikan secara tinggi pada SqCC penis stadium lanjut (32,9%), yang dikaitkan dengan fitur klinikopatologis berisiko tinggi dan hasil klinis yang buruk. Temuan ini menunjukkan potensi penggunaan imunoterapi dalam pengobatan SqCC penis stadium lanjut.

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Introduction: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy and potentially lethal disease with an incidence of 0,6-2,1 per 100.000. Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) is the most commonly found penile malignancy. PD-L1 is a tumor marker that co-stimulates the receptor PD-1 to suppress T-cell- mediated antitumor immunity. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study with a total sampling method. The slides taken from the biopsies of seventy-six male patients from Haji Adam Malik Hospital diagnosed with penile squamous cell carcinoma who have already undergone penile biopsy were re-examined for this study, and PD-L1 levels were measured accordingly. Statistical methods were used to assess the association between PD-L1 levels and with SqCC stage. Results: A total of 76 male patients are the subjects of this study. PD-L1 positivity is identified in 25 patients with +1 intensity in 10 patients (13,2%), +2 in 7 patients (9,2) and +3 intensity in 8 patients (10,5%). There are 36 patients (47,4%) diagnosed with stage T3 SqCC, 35 patients (46,1%) with stage N2 SqCC, and 10 patients (13,2%) with stage M1 SqCC. There is significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and metastasis (p=0,022). However, there is no significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and stage N tumor (p=0,167). Conclusion: PD-L1 highly expressed in advanced stage penile SqCC (32.9%), which is associated with the high-risk clinicopathologic features and poor clinical outcomes. These findings showed a potential usage of immunotherapy in advanced penile SqCC treatment."