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"Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengujian kondisi operasi pada proses produksi gas klor dengan elektrolisis plasma. Kondisi optimal yang diperoleh dari variasi penggunaan selubung adalah dengan menggunakan selubung panjang (P: 15cm; D: 3cm), untuk suhu larutan diperoleh kondisi optimal pada rentang suhu 600C-700C, dan kedalaman anoda 1 cm di bawah permukaan larutan. Pada konsentrasi 0,5M, produksi gas klor tertinggi selama 15 menit dicapai pada tegangan 700V sebesar 12,84 mmol dengan konsumsi energi sebesar 42,87 kJ/mmol gas Cl2, namun pada tegangan 800V dan 900V produksi gas klor cenderung menurun. Pada konsentrasi 0,75M produksi gas klor tertinggi sebesar 19,47 mmol dicapai pada tegangan 500V, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 1M, produksi gas klor tertinggi sebesar 26,22 mmol sudah dapat dicapai pada tegangan 400V. Rasio produktivitas gas klor tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,5M adalah sebesar 29 kali lebih besar daripada produktivitas gas klor pada elektrolisis. Adapun pada konsentrasi 0,75M dan 1M, produktivitas gas klor tertingginya 15 kali lebih besar dan 12 kali lebih besar dari elektrolisis. Konsumsi energi terendah pada konsentrasi 0,5M dicapai pada tegangan 700V sebesar 43 kJ/mmol Cl2, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 0,75M dan 1M konsumsi energi terendahnya dicapai pada tegangan 500V dan 400V, yaitu sebesar 30 kJ/mmol Cl2 dan 26 kJ/mmol Cl2.

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In this study, increasing the effectiveness of chlor-alkali production process using plasma electrolysis technology has been examined. The optimum condition obtained of using glass veil is by using long glass veil (L: 15cm; D: 3cm), the optimum range of temperature is 600C-700C, and the optimum anode depth is 1cm. The highest chlorine gas production is 12.84 mmol Cl2 at 0.5 M and 700 V for 15 minutes with 42.87 kJ/mmol Cl2 of energy consumption, but chlorine gas production is decreased at 800V and 900V. The highest chlorine gas production at 0.75M is 19.47 mmol Cl2 with 500V whereas the highest chlorine production (26.22 mmol Cl2) at 1M has been obtained at 400V only. The highest chlorine gas productivity ratio at 0.5M is 29 times larger than chlorine gas production on conventional electrolysis. However, the highest chlorine gas productivities ratio at 0.75M and 1M are only 15 times and 12 times larger than conventional electrolysis. The lowest energy consumption at 0.5M and 700V is 43 kJ/mmol Cl2, whereas the lowest energy consumption at 0.75M and 1M can be obtained at 500V and 400V with 30 kJ/mmol Cl2 and 26 kJ/mmol Cl2."

"This book develops basic and advanced concepts of plasma thermodynamics from both classical and statistical points of view. Particular attention is devoted to the problem of the divergence of the partition function of atomic species and the state-to-state approach for calculating the partition function of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. The limit of ideal gas approximation is also discussed, by introducing Debye-Huckel and virial corrections. Throughout the book, worked examples are given in order to clarify concepts and mathematical approaches."

"Penelitian ini telah berhasil melakukan pengujian produksi gas klor menggunakan membran penukar kation dan membran nafion dengan metode elektrolisis plasma. Pengujian ini meliputi pengukuran pH, konduktivitas, produksi gas klor dan konsumsi energi selama proses reaksi berlangsung. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penggunaan membran penukar kation meningkatkan kemurnian produk NaOH. Produksi gas klor pada membran penukar kation meningkat 4,3 kali dibandingkan dengan membran nafion dan meningkat 1,3 kali dibandingkan dengan tanpa menggunakan membran. Sementara konsumsi energi per mmol produk menurun 3,1 kali dibandingkan dengan membran nafion dan menurun 1,7 kali dibandingkan dengan tanpa menggunakan membran. Hasil pengujian elektrolisis plasma dengan membran penukar kation menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan produksi gas klor sebesar 33,3 kali dibanding proses elektrolisis dengan membran penukar kation. Sementara konsumsi energi per mmol produk menunjukkan penurunan dari 473,64 kJ/mmol pada proses elektrolisis menjadi 25,85 kJ/mmol pada proses elektrolisis plasma.

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This study has successfully tested the production of chlorine gas using a cation-exchange membrane and nafion membrane with plasma electrolysis method. These tests include measurement of pH, conductivity, chlorine gas production and energy consumption during the reaction. The test results showed the use of cation exchange membrane increases NaOH product purity. The production of chlorine gas on the cation exchange membrane increased 4.3 times compared with the nafion membrane and increased 1.3 times compared with no use of membrane. While energy consumption per mmol product decreased 3.1 times compared with the nafion membrane and decreased 1.7 times compared with no use of membranes. The test results of plasma electrolysis with cation exchange membrane showed an increase in the production of chlorine gas by 33.3 times compared with the electrolysis process cation exchange membrane. While energy consumption per mmol of the product showed a decline of 473.64 kJ / mmol in the electrolysis process be 25.85 kJ / mmol on plasma electrolysis process."

"This text is an introduction to the physics of collisional plasmas, as opposed to plasmas in space. It is intended for graduate students in physics and engineering . The first chapter introduces with progressively increasing detail, the fundamental concepts of plasma physic. The motion of individual charged particles in various configurations of electric and magnetic fields is detailed in the second chapter while the third chapter considers the collective motion of the plasma particles described according to a hydrodynamic model. The fourth chapter is most original in that it introduces a general approach to energy balance, valid for all types of discharges comprising direct current(DC) and high frequency (HF) discharges, including an applied static magnetic field. The basic concepts required in this fourth chapter have been progressively introduced in the previous chapters. The text is enriched with approx. 100 figures, and alphabetical index and 45 fully resolved problems. Mathematical and physical appendices provide complementary information or allow to go deeper in a given subject."