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"Latar belakang: Kanker paru menjadi penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia.Prevalensi kanker paru terus meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan angka harapanhidup dan menyebarkan faktor risiko kanker. Pasien kanker paru yang sebagianbesar berupa KPKBSK rentan untuk mengalami infeksi oportunistik yang terjadipada saat sistem imun tubuh rendah. Salah satu jamur oportunistik yang dapatmenginfeksi adalah Pneumosistis jirovecii yang menyebabkan PneumosistisPneumonia (PCP). Deteksi dini pada populasi rentan penting dilakukan untukmencegah keparahan penyakit. Saat ini, insidensi dan prevalensi PCP pada pasienkanker paru di Indonesia belum cukup jelas akibat rendahnya pemantauan danpelaporan kasus.Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan gambaran klinisPCP pada pasien KPKBSK yang belum di kemoterapi di RSUP Persahabatan,Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan subjek merupakanpasien KPKBSK yang belum di kemoterapi di RSUP Persahabatan. Pasiendilakukan induksi sputum menggunakan NaCl 3% yang kemudian dilakukanprosedur nested-PCR untuk deteksi PCP melalui primer pada gen mtLSU rRNA.Data pasien didapatkan dari rekam medis pasien.Hasil: Total subjek yang mengikuti penelitian sebesar 56 pasien 1 pasien tanpa datahistopatologi. Didapatkan prevalensi PCP pada penelitian sebesar 17,9% (10pasien). Profil klinis pasien KPKBSK di RSUP Persahabatan yang belumdikemoterapi terbanyak pada usia 18-65 tahun sebesar 75,0% (42 pasien), jeniskelamin laki-laki sebesar 62,5% (35 pasien), tampilan status 1 sebesar 39,2% (22pasien), perokok aktif sebesar 62,5% (35 pasien), Indeks Brinkman kategori ringansebesar 44,6% (25 pasien), histopatologi terbanyak berupa adenokarsinoma sebesar78,2% (43 pasien), dan staging terbanyak pada stadium lanjut sebesar 76,8% (43pasien). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p > 0,05) antara karakteristiksosiodemografis, staging, dan kebiasaan merokok dengan koinfeksi PCP padapasien KPKBSK yang belum di kemoterapi.Simpulan: Prevalensi PCP pada pasien KPKBSK yang belum di kemoterapisebesar 17,9%. Karakteristik pasien terbanyak adalah usia 18-65 tahun, laki-laki,tampilan status 1, perokok aktif, Indeks Brinkman kategori ringan, histopatologiadenokarsinoma, serta staging stadium lanjut. Tidak ada hubungan antarakarakteristik tersebut dengan kejadian PCP pada pasien pada penelitian.

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Background: Lung cancer has become the leading cause of mortality in the world.

Lung cancer prevalence and incidence keep growing for the past years attributed by

increased in life expectance and distribution of lung cancer risk factors. Most lung

cancer patients, including NSCLC type, are prone to get opportunistic infections

when the body immune system weakens. Pneumocystis jirovecii is one of fungal

aetiologies to cause this infection in immunocompromised hosts, called

Pneumocystic Pneumonia (PCP). Early detection is crucial in susceptible patients

to prevent disease progression. PCP incidence and prevalence in NSCLC patients

Indonesia is still unknown which could be caused by inadequate case surveillance

and reports

Objectives: This study aimed to determine PCP prevalence in NSCLC patients

without chemotherapy and its clinical profile in Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included NSCLC patients who had not

undergone chemotherapy treatments (naïve). Sputum induction with 3% NaCl from

patients were tested for PCP with nested-PCR targeting mtLSU rRNA gene.

Patients’ characteristics data were obtained from medical records.

Results: Data from 56 patients with NSCLC were collected including 1 patient

without histology type identified. From this research, about 17,9% patients were

tested positive for PCP. Naïve NSCLC patients in Persahabatan Hospital

characteristics 75,0% (42 patients) were aged between 18 and 65 years, 62,5% (35

patients) were males, 39,2% (22 patients) had score 1 on performance status, 62,5%

(35 patients) were active smokers, 44,6% (25 patients) had mild Brinkman Index,

most common histopathology type were adenocarcinoma attributed for 78,2% cases

(43 patients), and most patients were on advanced stage for about 76,8% (43

patients). There were no significant association (p > 0,05) between

sociodemography, staging, and smoking behaviour and PCP co-infection in naïve

NSCLC patients.

Conclusion: PCP prevalence in naïve NSCLC patients were 17,9%. Most patients

were aged between 18 to 65 years old, male, score 1 on performance status, active

smokers, mild Brinkman Index, adenocarcinoma type, and were on advanced stage.

No significant association between those factors and PCP in patients."

"Latar Belakang: Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) adalah patogen jamur oportunistik yang dapat terdeteksi di saluran napas bawah. Kolonisasi P. jirovecii dapat berkembang menjadi infeksi yang disebut sebagai pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Infeksi PCP umumnya terdeteksi di pasien HIV. Pasien tanpa HIV juga dapat mengalami infeksi PCP terutama pada pasien keganasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi kolonisasi P. Jirovecii pada sampel bilasan bronkus dengan pemeriksaan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan deskriptif analitik yang pada pasien terduga kanker paru di RSUP Persahabatan. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien terduga kanker paru yang akan menjalani bronkoskopi sesuai kriteria inklusi. Sampel bilasan bronkus dikirim ke Laboratorium Departemen Parasitologi FKUI untuk ekstraksi DNA dan laboratorium BRIN untuk pemeriksaan PCR konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan gen MtLSU dan mTSSU. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini terdapat 72 subjek penelitian. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 51 laki-laki (70,8%). Rerata usia subjek penelitian adalah 56,6 (9,95) tahun. Subjek penelitian sebagian besar memiliki IMT normal (18,5-22,9 kg/m2). Subjek penelitian sebagian besar adalah perokok baik perokok aktif atau bekas perokok yaitu sebanyak 50 orang (69,4%). Sebanyak 23 orang (31,9%) diantaranya memiliki IB berat (IB >600 batang per tahun). Subjek penelitian yang memiliki riwayat pengobatan TB, baik terkonfirmasi bakteriologis maupun diagnosis klinis, sebanyak 23 orang (31,9%). Sebanyak 26 orang (36,1%) memiliki 1 komorbid sedangkan 10 orang (13,9%) memiliki lebih dari 1 komorbid. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi atau sitologi bilasan bronkus, dari 72 subjek penelitian terdapat 50 orang (69,4%) terdiagnosis kanker paru, 15 orang (20,9%) bukan kanker paru, dan 7 orang (9,7%) belum diketahui diagnosisnya. Dari 72 sampel yang diperiksa, tidak ada yang menunjukan hasil PCR positif (0%). Kesimpulan: Proporsi P. Jirovecii yang terdeteksi melalui pemeriksaan PCR pada sampel bilasan bronkus pasien terduga kanker paru sebesar 0%. Pemeriksaan PCR untuk mendeteksi P. Jirovecii tidak disarankan untuk pasien kanker yang baru terdiagnosis dan belum dilakukan pengobatan.

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Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can be detected in the human lower respiratory tract without signs or symptoms of acute pneumonia or colonization. P. jirovecii colonization can develop into an infection known as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). PCP infection is commonly detected in HIV patients. However, patients without HIV can also experience PCP infection, especially in malignant patients. This study aims to detect P. Jirovecii colonization in bronchial lavage samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with descriptive analytics on patients suspected of lung cancer at Persahabatan Hospital. The research subjects were patients with suspected lung cancer who were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data on clinical, radiological, laboratory and histopathological characteristics were taken from medical records. The patient will have a bronchial lavage sample taken during bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes. The samples will be examined at the Parasitology Department Laboratory Universitas Indonesia for DNA extraction and the BRIN laboratory for PCR examination. Results: In this study there were 72 research subjects. The research subjects consisted of 51 men (70.8%). The mean age of the research subjects was 56.6 (9.95) years. Most of the research subjects had normal BMI (18.5-22.9 kg/m2). Most of the research subjects were smokers, either active smokers or former smokers, namely 50 people (69.4%). A total of 23 people (31.9%) had severe IB (IB >600 cigarettes per year). There were 23 research subjects who had a history of TB treatment, whether confirmed bacteriologically or clinically diagnosed, as many as 23 people (31.9%). A total of 26 people (36.1%) had 1 comorbid while 10 people (13.9%) had more than 1 comorbid. Based on histopathological or cytological examination of bronchial lavage, of the 72 research subjects, 50 people (69.4%) were diagnosed with lung cancer, 15 people (20.9%) had no lung cancer, and 7 people (9.7%) had no known diagnosis. Of the 72 samples examined, none showed positive PCR results (0%). Conclusion: The proportion of P. Jirovecii detected by conventional PCR examination in bronchial lavage samples from patients suspected of lung cancer was 0%. PCR examination to detect P. Jirovecii is not recommended for cancer patients who have just been diagnosed and have not received treatment."