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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini meneliti faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan dukungan pemilih Latino terhadap Donald Trump pada Pemilu Presiden AS tahun 2016. Pemilu AS 2016 tidak bisa dilepaskan dari hegemoni neoliberal. Masyarakat AS tersegmentasi ke dalam kelas penguasa dan subaltern, begitu juga dengan kelompok Latino. Lebih jauh, penelitian ini menjabarkan secara kualitatif dua faktor yang memengaruhi dukungan pemilih Latino terhadap Trump yaitu faktor identifikasi partai dan orientasi isu dengan mengacu kepada kerangka teori perilaku memilih oleh Hugh Bone dan Austin Ranney. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam faktor identifikasi partai, Latino Evangelikal Protestan dan Mainline menunjukkan identifikasi kuat dengan Partai Republik. Selain itu, terdapat dukungan Latino konservatif terhadap Trump pada Pemilu Presiden AS 2016. Kemudian berdasarkan segmentasi kelas ditemukan bahwa kelas elit Latino di AS adalah orang-orang Kuba yang melarikan diri ke AS dan memiliki identifikasi yang kuat dengan Partai Republik. Sedangkan masyarakat Latino kelas bawah yang mendukung Trump berasal dari daerah pedesaan dan menderita false consciousness. Kemudian dalam faktor orientasi isu, terdapat tiga isu yang secara signifikan memengaruhi dukungan Latino terhadap Trump yaitu isu ekonomi, imigrasi dan aborsi.

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ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the factors that led to the support of Latino voters for Donald Trump in the U.S. Presidential Election of 2016. The 2016 US election can not be separated from neo liberal hegemony. The US society is segmented into the ruling class and subaltern, as well as the Latino group. This study describes qualitatively two factors that affect latino voter support for Trump, i.e. party identification and issue orientation factors with reference to the framework of voters behavior theory by Hugh Bone and Austin Ranney. This study found that in the party identification factor, Latino Evangelical Protestant and Mainline showed strong identification with the Republican Party. In addition, there is conservative Latino support for Trump in the U.S. Presidential Election of 2016. Then based on class segmentation this study found that the elite Latino class in the US were Cubans who fled to the US and had strong identification with the Republican Party. While lower class Latino who support Trump are from rural areas and suffer from false consciousness. In the issue orientation factor, there are three issues that significantly affect Latino support for Trump economic, immigration, and abortion issues.

Abstrak :
Pertarungan presiden tahun 2008 tidak hanya menjadi sejarah, tapi juga menciptakan antusiasme dan ketertarikan yang tinggi terhadap politik. Bagaimana pun juga, ini menjadi pertarungan yang berbeda dalam sejarah Amerika. Skripsi ini melihat pada satu kandidat, Barack Obama. Orang Afrika-Amerika pertama calon presiden dari partainya menghadapi John McCain dari partai Republik dalam pemilihan umum. Skripsi ini menganalisa strategi pencitraan diri Barack Hussein Obama dalam penealonan sebagai presiden Amerika Serikat. Sebagai model perubahan, Obama muncul sebagai jawaban bagi Warga Amerika Serikat yang menginginkan agar presiden baru tidak lagi berasal dari partai yang sama setelah hampir dua periode 2000-2008 jabatan presiden dari partai Republik. Selain itu faktor ekonomi serta popularitas yang buruk dari presiden pendahulu. Obama mampu merangkul semua lapisan dan telah mengumpulkan lebih dari 270 electoral vote dan memenangkan 52,63 persen popular vote.

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The 2008 presidential race has been historic, but it has also created an enthusiasm and a higher degree of interest in politics. At least in part, how this race is different from others in America's history. This thesis looks at one candidate, Barack Obama. The first African American to be his party?s presidential nominee face Senator John McCain of the Republican party and the first woman presidential candidate Hillary Clinton in the general election. This thesis analyzes the strategy of personal image Barack Hussein Obama in his candidacy as president of the United States. As a model of change, Obama emerged as an answer to the citizens of the United States who wants the new president will no longer come from the same party after nearly two periods 2000- 2008 presidency from the Republicans. in addition to economic factors and poor popularity of presidential predecessors. Obama is able to embrace all walks of life and has collected more than 270 electoral votes and won 52.63 percent of popular vote.

Abstrak :
The book discusses how the use of some election rules embedded in the U.S. Constitution and in the presidential succession Act may cause skewed or weird election outcomes and election stalemates. The book argues that the act may not cover some rare though possible situations which the twentieth amendment authorizes congress to address. Also, the book questions the constitutionality of the national popular vote plan to introduce a direct popular presidential election de facto, without amending the constitution, and addresses the plan?s ?achilles? heel.? In particular, the book shows that the plan may violate the equal protection clause from the fourteenth amendment of the constitution. Numerical examples are provided to show that the counterintuitive claims of the NPV originators and proponents that the plan will encourage presidential candidates to ?chase? every vote in every state do not have any grounds. Finally, the book proposes a plan for improving the election system by combining at the national level the ?one state, one vote? principle, embedded in the constitution, and the ?one person, one vote? principle.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Penelitian ini membahas tentang keputusan yang dibuat oleh U.S. Supreme Court dalam menyelesaikan kasus sengketa pemilihan presiden tahun 2000. Untuk dapat menjelaskan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep judicial activism, konsep Mahkamah Agung sebagai pembuat kebijakan nasional, enam gagasan politik dan Mahkamah Agung Federal Amerika Serikat, dan konsep Federal Supreme Court berdasarkan The Federal Papers. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menjelaskan bahwa para hakim di U.S. Supreme Court dapat membuat keputusan politis karena peran mereka sebagai salah satu bagian dari cabang kekuasaan politik di pemerintahan. Dengan menggunakan fungsi politik mereka yang konstitusional, U.S. Supreme Court mencegah pelanggaran konstitusi dengan mengakhiri sengketa kasus pemilu Bush v. Gore. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa U.S. Supreme Court menggunakan fungsi politik mereka pada sengketa pemilihan presiden tahun 2000 guna mempertahankan peran mereka untuk memastikan bahwa Konstitusi tidak dilanggar dalam cara apapun, dan agar kasus tersebut tidak mencapai ranah Kongres. Fakta bahwa Bush v. Gore tidak memiliki preseden sebagai rujukan untuk penyelesaian kasus, membuat U.S. Supreme Court memiliki alasan untuk membuat keputusan politis dengan menggunakan judicial activism. Keputusan tersebut diambil guna membuat hukum dan preseden baru dari kasus Bush v. Gore, dan menjadikannya sebagai landmark case.

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ABSTRACT
This research analyses the ruling decision that of the U.S. Supreme Court on settling the Presidential / General Election dispute in the year 2000. This research analyses the issues of judicial activism, Supreme Court as a national policy maker, six notions of political, and the Federal Supreme Court concept according to the Federal Papers. This reseach argues that the justices of U.S. Supreme Court could make such political decision because their role as a part of political branch of the government. By using its constitutional political function, the Supreme Court prevents a violation of the constitution by putting an end to the Bush v. Gore dispute. This research shows that the U.S. Supreme Court had to exercise their political function on presidential election dispute by the year 2000 in order to maintain their role to make sure that the Constitution is not being violated in any way, and to avoid this case from reaching the Congress. The fact that Bush v. Gore does not have a precedent to refer to, makes the U.S. Supreme Court had their reason to make a political decision by using judicial activism. The action was taken in order to make a new law and new precedent so that the Bush v. Gore can be deemed as a landmark case.