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"ABSTRAKThe Concept of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) or Public Private Partnership(PPP) has been internationally implemented over the last two decades. In Malaysia, even though the involvement of the private sector in assisting with the provision of public services and facilities is not new, only recently under the Ninth Malaysia Plan the government officially announced the implementation of projects using P FI scheme in order to promote greater involvement of the private sector in delivering public services (Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). Consequently, a series of PFI projects is now being implemented including some already under construction. However, little is known on the real nature of the Malaysian PFI One of the aspectsconsidered critical in the implementation of a P FI project is the need for a public sector comparator (PSC) to demonstrate that the project can achieve value for money through comparing the public sector comparator (PSC) with the bid or bids submitted by the private sect01: The study being reported herein focuses on the concept of PFI as practiced in Malaysia and the construction of a PSC. Given that under the Malaysian PFI, the PSC is yet to be established there is an urgent need for one to be constructed. In addition, critical issues concerning the transfer of risks and the determination o.f discount rate are also discussed. The study combines literature review on P Fl and interviews with civil servants involved in the implementation of P FI in Malaysia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh integrasi sistem perbankan terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya penularan risiko likuiditas antar sistem perbankan pada periode 2000-2012. Dengan menggunakan metode regresi spasial untuk melihat pengaruh sistem perbankan di suatu wilayah terhadap sistem perbankan di wilayah lainnya, hasil penelitiian ini membuktikan bahwa probabilitas kebangkrutan suatu sistem perbankan secara signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap probabilitas kebangkrutan sistem perbankan lain. Apabila terjadi kekurangan likuiditas pada salah satu sistem perbankan pada sistem yang terintegrasi maka hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah likuiditas sistem lainnya. Selain itu penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa suatu sistem perbankandapat meningkatkan stabilitasnya apa bila ia dengan sistem perbankan yang lebih stabil.

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This research aims to determine the effect of banking system integration against probability of liquidity risk transmission across banking systems during 2000-2012. By using Spatial Regression to see how a region's banking system might affect other regions' banking systems, this research has proven that a banking system's probability of bankruptcy significantly affects other banking systems' probability of bankruptcy. Liquidity shortage of a certain banking system that is integrated to other banking systems, can cause liquidity shortage to the other banking systems as well. In addition, this study has also proven that a banking system can increase its stability by being connected to a more stable banking system."