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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penurunan frekuensi defekasi PFD memiliki korelasi antara host, diet, dan lingkungan. Gaya hidup sedentary merupakan faktor risiko PFD pekerja pabrik serta kantor, dan sering disertai konsistensi feses keras dan flatulensi. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan probiotik memperbaiki PFD melalui produksi SCFA yang menstimulasi pergerakan kolon melalui berbagai mekanisme. Penelitian ini merupakan studi acak tersamar ganda, terkontrol terhadap pekerja kantor dan pabrik dengan PFD. Secara acak subjek dialokasikan selama 6 minggu untuk suplementasi probiotik kombinasi strain L.plantarum KCTC 10782 BP, S.thermophilus KCTC 11870 BP, B.bifidum KCTC 12199 BP 4x109 CFU/hari dan 1920 mg Fructooligosaccharide/hari atau kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan 1920 mg Fructooligosaccharide/hari. Hasil menunjukkan sebagian besar subjek adalah perempuan, dengan rerata usia 29,6 untuk kelompok intervensi dan 25,2 tahun untuk kelompok kontrol, memiliki status gizi berlebih, kebiasaan olahraga kurang, memiliki konstipasi fungsional, frekuensi defekasi 3 kali/minggu, dan kadar asam butirat feses rendah. Perbedaan rerata perubahan frekuensi defekasi, kadar asam butirat feses, skor flatulensi, dan distribusi skor Bristol tidak berbeda antara kedua kelompok, meskipun dilakukan adjusted terhadap usia dan nilai baseline asupan serat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kombinasi probiotik dalam penelitian ini tidak memperbaiki frekuensi buang air besar, kadar asam butirat feses, skor flatulensi, dan distribusi skor Bristol secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.

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ABSTRACT
Decreased defecation frequency DDF has a correlation between host, diet, and environment. Sedentary lifestyle is risk factors of DDF in factory and office workers, and often accompanied by hard stool consistency and flatulence. Previous study showed that probiotics improve DDF through SCFA production that stimulates bowel motility through few mechanisms. This is a double blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted among office and labour worker who experienced DDF. They were randomly allocated to receive 6 weeks probiotic supplementation of strain L.plantarum KCTC 10782 BP, S.thermophilus KCTC 11870 BP, B.bifidum KCTC 12199 BP 4x109 CFU day and 1920 mg FOS day or control group with 1920 mg FOS day only. Results showed most subjects in this study were women, with mean age 29.6 and 25.2 years for the intervention group and control group, had excess nutritional status, less exercise habits, had functional constipation, defecation frequency 3 times week, and low levels of butyric acid stool. Mean difference in changes of defecation frequency, butyric acid stool, flatulence score, and Bristol score distribution did not differ between two groups even after adjustment for age and baseline value of fiber intake. It concluded that a mixture of probiotics strain in this study did not significantly improve DDF compared to control

Abstrak :
Indonesia is the second largest supplier of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) in the USA market. Hence, the need for its sustainable production and improved growth. Probiotics, among others, are known for their growth enhancing attributes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of powder and liquid probiotics on the growth of white shrimps at the Minaloka Jaya shrimp ponds, Grabag District, Purwerojo Regency, Central Java. The shrimps were cultivated for 60 days and applied with three probiotic treatments, namely commercial liquid probiotics with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed, powder probiotics with dosage of 10 g/kg feed and liquid probiotic with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed. Each probiotic preparation was administered four times a day to over 150,000 vannamei shrimps which were cultured in a semi-intensive system. Probiotics in powder and liquid forms contain Lactobacillus fermentum, L acidophilus, L. plantarum, L, curvatus, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. polimyxa. B. megaterium, B. coagulans, Pseudomonasputida, Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. Using the Randomized Block Design (RBD), the three treatments were replicated five times. The application of probiotics in both powder and liquid forms had increased the growth yield of the vannamei shrimp. However, the powder probiotic had shown better growth performance than the commercial liquid probiotics and liquid preparation of probiotics. Probiotic powder form provides a specific growth rate (SGR) of 8.18%, absolute body length of 9.68 cm, absolute biomass of 6.78 g, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.93.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Pada penderita Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) terdapat defek pada sel T regulator baik dalam hal jumlah maupun fungsi sel T regulator. Pemberian probiotik dalam hal ini pemberian Lactabacillus reuteri diharapkan mampu menstimulasi timbulnya respon imun yang bersifat imunoregulator dengan cara meningkatkan jumlah sel T regulator dan menurunkan produksi IL6. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik terhadap toleransi sistem imun penderita SLE melalui perubahan kadar T regulator (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) dan IL 6. Metode :30 subjek pasien SLE dengan manifestasi ringan yang datang ke poliklinik Alergi Imunologi RSCM, diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri (15 orang) dan placebo (15 orang) selama 8 minggu. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ dan IL 6 diperiksa sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan flowcytometri dan pemeriksaan ELISA. Hasil : Pemberian Lactobacillus reuteri selama 8 minggu meningkatkan kadarCD4+CD25+FoxP3+secara bermakna (1,38+ 8,36% VS 3,71+3,17% ; P=0,007 ; CI =-3,91 ? -0,74) . Terdapat penurunan kadar IL 6 setelah perlakuan, baik pada kelompok yang diberikan Lactobacillus reuteri (4,76+5,75 pg/ml VS 3,7 +3,36 pg/ml ; P=0,25 ; CI -0,83- 2,9) maupun pada kelompok placebo ( 2,6+2,02 pg/ml VS 2,07+2,39 ; P= 0,35 ; CI = -0,57 ? 1,52). Namun begitu, pada akhir penelitian perubahan tersebut tidak menimbulkan perbedaan bermakna kadar CD4+CD25+FoxP3+dan IL 6antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan :Terjadi peningkatan bermakna kadar CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ pada kelompok yang diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri selama 8 minggu.

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ABSTRACT
Backgroud : In patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) there are abnormality on T lymphocytes, including the existence of a defect in the regulatory T cells both in terms of number and function. Giving probiotic, in this case Lactabacillus reuteri administration, is expected to stimulate the immune response to be more tolerance by increasing the number of regulatory T cells and decreasing the IL6 production. Aim : To know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri ) on the immune system of patients with SLE through changes in the levels of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+) and IL 6 Method :Thirty ofSLE patients with mild manifestations, who came to Allergy and Immunology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, were given the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (15 people) and placebo (15 people) for 8 weeks. CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3+ and IL 6 were examined before and after exposure using flowcytometri and ELISA. We then analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + and IL6 before and after exposure. Result : Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri for 8 weeks brought statistically significant improvement on CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3 +level (1,38+ 8.36% + 3.17% vs. 3.71; P = 0.007; CI = -3.91 - -0.74). There were decreased level of IL 6 in Lactobacillus reuteri group (4.76 + 5.75 pg / ml VS3,71 + 3.36 pg / ml; P = 0.25; CI - 0,83- 2, 9) and the placebo group (2.6 + 2.02 pg / ml vs. 2.07 + 2.39; P = 0.35; CI = - 0.57 - 1.5). However,at the end of study, those changes didn?t make statistically significant difference of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and IL 6 level between two group. Conclusion : A significant increase of the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + were found after 8 weeks Lactobacillus reuteri administration, Backgroud : In patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) there are abnormality on T lymphocytes, including the existence of a defect in the regulatory T cells both in terms of number and function. Giving probiotic, in this case Lactabacillus reuteri administration, is expected to stimulate the immune response to be more tolerance by increasing the number of regulatory T cells and decreasing the IL6 production. Aim : To know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri ) on the immune system of patients with SLE through changes in the levels of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+) and IL 6 Method :Thirty ofSLE patients with mild manifestations, who came to Allergy and Immunology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, were given the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (15 people) and placebo (15 people) for 8 weeks. CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3+ and IL 6 were examined before and after exposure using flowcytometri and ELISA. We then analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + and IL6 before and after exposure. Result : Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri for 8 weeks brought statistically significant improvement on CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3 +level (1,38+ 8.36% + 3.17% vs. 3.71; P = 0.007; CI = -3.91 - -0.74). There were decreased level of IL 6 in Lactobacillus reuteri group (4.76 + 5.75 pg / ml VS3,71 + 3.36 pg / ml; P = 0.25; CI - 0,83- 2, 9) and the placebo group (2.6 + 2.02 pg / ml vs. 2.07 + 2.39; P = 0.35; CI = - 0.57 - 1.5). However,at the end of study, those changes didn’t make statistically significant difference of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and IL 6 level between two group. Conclusion : A significant increase of the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + were found after 8 weeks Lactobacillus reuteri administration]