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"In this article, the Active Force Control (AFC) method is implemented for reducing the vibrations that are caused by an unbalanced rotary engine. By using Matlab Simulink, the dynamic model of an unbalanced rotary engine was simulated. Then a Proportional–Integral–Derivative PID controller with the AFC loop was added. The obtained simulation results proved that when the PID controller was operating without the AFC loop, the vibrations were reduced but with very less efficiency when compared to the case in which the AFC loop was engaged with the PID controller. This means that the amplitude of vibrations was extremely reduced when the PID controller was equipped with the AFC loop, and the same results were observed for the frequency domain case. The robustness of the AFC method was also tested and again the method of AFC was very capable in reducing the vibrations."

"The pattern of economic growth in Indonesia between 1995 and 2005 was analyzed to determine structural changes that occurred in Indonesia. A hypothetical analysis of Deviation from Proportional Growth was used in this study to better understand the structural change of a country by assuming a virtual economic structure. The author analyzed the Indonesian National Input-Output Table of 1995, 2000, and 2005 extracted from the Asian International Input-Output Table. A comparative study was also conducted for Malaysia and Thailand during the same period. The results revealed a shift away from the agricultural sector towards non-agricultural sectors in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand between 1995 and 2005, confirming the existence of industrialization in these countries. Although the countries had a similar pattern of growth which is contributed mainly by the expansion of export from 1995–2000, the pattern of growth among the three countries was divergent from 2000–2005."

"Ambang batas parlemen (parliamentary threshold) yang dimaknai di Indonesia sebagai salah satu solusi untuk menyederhanakan jumlah partai politik di parlemen, dalam praktiknya justru dapat menjadi penyebab atas hilangnya representasi suara masyarakat, dengan terlalu banyak terbuangnya suara hasil pemilu. Hal ini disebabkan terutama karena penetapan angka ambang batas yang terlalu tinggi, sehingga menghasilkan penghitungan suara dan kursi yang tidak proporsional. Berangkat dari persoalan tersebut, penulis berpendapat, bahwa tidaklah perlu ada upaya untuk menyederhanakan jumlah partai politik yang berhasil memperoleh kursi di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), karena sesungguhnya, secara institusional, partai politik bukanlah bagian langsung dari organisasi DPR. Sebenarnya, yang perlu disederhanakan adalah jumlah fraksi di DPR, karena yang menjadi bagian dari organisasi DPR adalah fraksi, sebagai cara untuk menyederhanakan proses pengambilan keputusan dalam organsisasi DPR. Arah penelitian ini ditujukan dalam rangka menciptakan lembaga perwakilan rakyat yang lebih proporsional dan representatif dalam mengartikulasikan kepentingan masyarakat di Indonesia yang sangat majemuk. Dengan metode penelitian doktrinal, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggagas pengaturan dengan model yang baru dalam pembentukan fraksi di DPR, agar tercipta inklusivitas yang optimal dalam pembentukan fraksi di DPR dalam rangka mewujudkan demokrasi di Indonesia dengan representasi yang lebih adil. Berdasarkan perbandingan terhadap parlemen di 8 negara, ditemukan bahwa DPR adalah institusi parlemen yang tidak mengatur syarat minimal atau ambang batas pembentukan fraksi. Namun demikian, dalam berbagai teori lembaga perwakilan rakyat, tidaklah ada metode pengaturan secara umum tentang bagaimana menetapkan syarat minimal ataupun ambang batas bagi membentuk fraksi dalam suatu institusi parlemen. Sehingga, bisa berbeda-beda penerapannya antara organisasi parlemen di berbagai belahan dunia, khususnya di negara yang menjadi objek perbandingan dalam tesis ini.

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The parliamentary threshold, which is interpreted in Indonesia as one of the solutions to simplify the number of political parties in parliament, in practice can actually be the cause of the loss of representation of people's voices, with too many wasted votes. This is mainly due to the setting of a threshold number that is too high, resulting in a disproportionate vote and seat count. The author argues that there is no need to simplify the number of political parties that can gain seats in the House of Representatives (DPR), because institutionally, political parties are not a direct part of the DPR organization. In fact, what needs to be simplified is the number of factions in the DPR, because what is part of the DPR organization are the factions, as a way to simplify the decision-making process within the DPR organization. This research is aimed at creating a more proportional and representative institution that articulates the interests of the people in Indonesia, which is very pluralistic. Using a doctrinal research method, this study aims to propose a new model for the formation of factions in the DPR, in order to create optimal inclusiveness in the formation of factions in the DPR in order to realize democracy in Indonesia with fairer representation. Based on a comparison of parliaments in 8 countries, it was found that the DPR is the only parliamentary institution that does not set minimum requirements or thresholds for the formation of factions. However, in various theories of representative institutions, there is no general method of setting minimum requirements or thresholds for forming factions in a parliamentary institution. Thus, its application can vary between parliamentary organizations in various parts of the world, especially in the country that is the object of comparison in this thesis."