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Abstrak :
The concept of locus of control is one of the most influential concepts in all of psychological science and practice. Initially proposed by Julian Rotter in 1966, the year 2016 marks the 50th anniversary of his remarkable publication, Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement. As Perceived Control attests, Rotters concept continues to thrive, which bodes well for continuing its influence for another 50 years or more. Perceived Control commemorates this half-century anniversary by presenting contributions from leading figures, some of whom were there at the beginning, giving readers a valuable historical record that lets us see the key ingredients in Rotters initial contribution. Additional authors present contemporary cutting-edge summaries of the current state of our knowledge while giving us a roadmap for future developments.

Abstrak :
Jumlah remaja yang mencoba rokok di Indonesia semakin tinggi dan usia kali pertama mencoba juga semakin dini. Penelitian ini ingin menjawab pertanyaan “Siapa atau apakah yang menjadi pendorong utama remaja Indonesia, khususnya di Daerah Istimewa (DI) Yogyakarta, untuk merokok?” menggunakan Teori Pengaruh Triadis (lingkungan budaya, situasi sosial, dan personal). Penelitian ini hanya berfokus pada pengaruh agen lingkungan budaya (media massa) dan situasi sosial (keluarga dan teman). Sebanyak 390 remaja menjadi sampel dan diambil dengan convenience sampling yang berasal dari 12 SMP di DI Yogyakarta. Rerata usia subjek adalah 14 tahun dengan komposisi putra:putri adalah 55,6%:44,4%. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner anonim yang terdiri dari tujuh bagian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan statistik deskriptif, tes Chi Square, dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa teman memiliki pengaruh paling kuat terhadap perilaku merokok remaja DI Yogyakarta dibandingkan dengan media massa dan keluarga. Di antara berbagai sub-agen media massa, bukanlah televisi melainkan billboard yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap perilaku merokok remaja. Pengaruh orang tua tidak lebih besar secara signifikan dibandingkan saudara kandung dan anggota keluarga lain terhadap perilaku merokok remaja. Teman sekolah tidak lebih berpengaruh secara signifikan dibandingkan teman di lingkungan rumah dan teman selain di sekolah dan lingkungan rumah terhadap perilaku merokok remaja. Berdasarkan hasil temuan tersebut, usulan intervensi yang dapat diterapkan adalah denormalisasi konsumsi rokok dan intervensi yang berdampak sistemik, seperti peningkatan harga rokok, pembatasan iklan dan promosi, serta regulasi penjualan rokok. ......The number of youth who try smoking is increasing, and the onset is getting earlier. This study tries to answer “Who or what are the main reasons of smoking for Indonesian adolescents, especially in DI Yogyakarta?” through Theory of Triadic Influences (cultural environment, social situation, and biology/personality). Current studies have focused nly on cultural environment (mass media) and social situation (family and friends) influence. The sampling was conducted through convenience sampling method to 390 adolescents from 12 junior high schools in DI Yogyakarta. The average age of the subjects is 14 years old, with male to female ratio 55.6%: 44.4%. The data were collected through anonymous questionnaires consisting of seven parts. Descriptive analysis was applied to the collected data by means of Chi Square test and logistic regression. The result showed that friends’ influence was the strongest compared with mass media and family to adolescents’ smoking behavior. Among several sub-agents of mass media, it was not television but billboards that had stronger influence. Parents’ influence was not significant compared with siblings and other family members. School friends’ influence was not significant compared with friends from school and other friends. Based on the findings, the applicable proposed interventions are denormalization of cigarette consumption and systematic intervention, such as raising the tobacco price, limiting advertisement and promotion, also regulating tobacco sales.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran penalaran moral prososial dan persepsi gaya pengasuhan sebagai prediktor tingkah laku prososial. Penelitian ini melibatkan 307 orang remaja (219 remaja putri, 88 remaja putra) dengan rata- rata usia 17,63 tahun (rentang usia 13-24 tahun). Tingkah laku prososial diukur dengan Prosocial Tendencies Measures-Revised (Carlo & Randall, 2003) yang mencakup kategori altruism, anonymous, compliant, dire, emotional dan public Penalaran Moral Prososial diukur dengan Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measures (Eisenberg, Carlo & Knight, 1992) yang mengidentifikasi orientasi penalaran hedonistic, approval, needs, stereotyped dan internalized. Persepsi gaya pengasuhan diukur dengan Parental Authority Questionnaire (Trinkner, 2012) yang memilah gaya otoritatif, otoritarian dan permisif. Ketiga instrumen tersebut memiliki nilai reliabilitas yang tinggi dengan nilai r berturut-turut r = 0,78, r = 0,71 dan r = 0,72.

Penalaran moral prososial dan persepsi gaya pengasuhan dapat memprediksi tingkah laku prososial pada remaja. Persepsi remaja terhadap gaya pengasuhan orang tua berkontribusi lebih besar (11,4%) dibandingkan penalaran moral prososial (5,2%). Semakin kuat persepsi bahwa orang tua bergaya pengasuhan otoritatif, semakin kuat kecenderungan remaja untuk bertingkah laku altuistik. Semakin kuat persepsi bahwa orang tua bergaya pengasuhan permisif, semakin kuat kecenderungan remaja untuk bertingkah laku prososial emosional. Remaja putra lebih banyak menampilkan tingkah laku prososial dire, sementara remaja putri lebih banyak bertingkah laku altruistik

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ABSTRACT
This research aimed at exploring prosocial moral reasoning and perceived parenting style as predictors of prosocial behavior. Involving 307 adolescents (219 female, 88 male, Mage = 17,6, range = 13-24), prosocial behavior was measured using Prosocial Tendencies Measure-Revised (Carlo & Randall, 2003) which identifies altruism, anonymous, compliant, dire, emotional and public. Prosocial moral reasoning was measured using Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measure (Eisenberg, Carlo & Knight, 1992) indicating hedonistic, approval, needs, stereotyped and internalized reasoning orientation. Perceived Parenting Style measured by PAQ (Parental Authority Questionnaire, Trinkner 2012) identifying authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting style. Those instruments have high reliability i.e, r = 0,78, r = 0,71, and r = 0,72 respectively.

Prosocial behavior was predicted by prosocial moral reasoning and perceived parenting style. Perceived parenting style contributed (11,4%) more than prosocial moral reasoning (5,2%). The stronger the adolescent?s perception that their parents used authoritative parenting style, the more they showed altruistic prosocial behavior. The stronger adolescent?s perception that their parents used permissive parenting style, the more they showed emotional prosocial behavior. Male adolescent showed more dire prosocial behavior while female adolescent more altruistic prosocial behavior