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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Bunuh diri merupakan kasus gawat darurat dalam psikiatri. Kasus bunuh diri sebetulnya bisa dicegah. Pencegahan bunuh diri membutuhkan pengumpulan data dan pengukuran obyektif risiko bunuh diri. Beberapa instrumen dapat dipakai untuk mengukur risiko bunuh diri, salah satunya adalah Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale CSSRS . Saat ini belum ada instrumen pengukuran risiko bunuh diri yang telah divalidasi versi Bahasa Indonesianya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh instrumen yang sahih dan andal untuk mendeteksi risiko bunuh diri. Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa dan Bangsal Perawatan Inap Psikiatri Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, dari bulan Januari 2018 sampai dengan Maret 2018. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua pasien gangguan jiwa usia 18 tahun ke atas. Instrumen lain yang dipakai adalah Hamilton Depression Rating Scale HDRS butir ke tiga sebagai pembanding dalam uji validitas kriteria. Sebanyak 100 orang sampel didapatkan. Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan nilai 0,778 dan 0,703 untuk butir gagasan bunuh diri dan intensitas gagasan. Nilai Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha untuk konsistensi internal didapatkan sebesar 0,818. Disimpulkan instrumen CSSRS versi Bahasa Indonesia sahih dan andal untuk digunakan dalam pengukuran risiko bunuh diri pada populasi pasien gangguan jiwa dewasa.

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ABSTRACT
Suicide is a case of emergency in psychiatry and is preventable. Preventing it requires the collection and objective measuring of the data on the its risk. From a number of instrument, the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale CSSRS is among the most commonly used. So far, there is no known instrument for assessing the suicide risk has been validated in Bahasa. The purpose of the study is to have a suicide risk measuring instrument that has been validated in Bahasa. The study was conducted at the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Ward, from January 2018 to March 2018. All adult patients with psychiatric disorder was inducted to the study. The third item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale HDRS was used as comparation for criterion validity. There was 100 samples inducted. Pearson rsquo s correlation was shown at 0.778 and 0.703 for the items on Suicidal Ideation and Intensity Of Ideation. The Cronbach rsquo s Alpha for internal consistency was shown at 0.818. It was then concluded that the Bahasa version of the CSSRS is valid and reliable for usage in measuring the suicide risk among the adult psychiatric patients.

Abstrak :
Gangguan depresi merupakan salah satu gangguan jiwa terbanyak yang meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas penderitanya. Gangguan ini sebenarnya bisa diberikan tatalaksana berupa farmakologis dan non farmakologis, salah satunya adalah psikoterapi. Sayangnya, banyak pasien yang menderita gangguan ini tidak mendapatkan layanan ini secara adekuat. Pasien-pasien yang sudah mendapatkan psikoterapi pun ternyata banyak yang tidak patuh terhadap psikoterapi. Hal ini tentunya memengaruhi luaran dari psikoterapi tersebut. Fenomena ini tentunya dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor. Namun, masih sangat sedikit penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan psikoterapi ini, khususnya di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan psikoterapi pada pasien dengan gangguan depresi, khususnya di Poli Jiwa Dewasa (PJD) RSCM. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang dari Desember 2022 hingga Desember 2023. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien dewasa dengan gangguan depresi yang mendapatkan psikoterapi di PJD RSCM. Sebanyak 82 subjek penelitian terpilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan menggunakan beberapa kuesioner serta data rekam medis pasien. Analisis data digunakan dengan SPSS untuk melihat karakteristik dasar subjek yang diteliti, analisis bivariat hingga multivariat dari berbagai faktor yang diteliti dengan kepatuhan psikoterapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi kepatuhan psikoterapi sebesar 0,73 (CI95% = 0,62 – 0,82). Dari 82 orang subjek yang diteliti, mayoritas adalah perempuan (84,1%) dengan pendidikan tinggi (63,4%) dan status ekonomi menengah (72,0%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara stigma dan konsistensi terapis (p<0,05). Lebih lanjut lagi, stigma yang rendah dan terapis yang tetap memiliki subjek yang patuh pada psikoterapi lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan stigma yang tinggi dan terapis yang tidak tetap. Dari analisis multivariat, didapatkan faktor yang paling memengaruhi kepatuhan psikoterapi adalah konsistensi terapis (p=0,045). ......Depressive disorders are one of the most common mental disorders that increase the morbidity and mortality rates of its sufferers. This disorder can actually be treated by pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach, one of which is psychotherapy. Unfortunately, many patients who suffer from this disorder do not receive adequate services. It turns out that many patients who have received psychotherapy are not compliant with psychotherapy. This condition will affect the outcome of psychotherapy. This phenomenon is influenced by various factors. However, research regarding the factors that influence psychotherapy adherence is currently scarce, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the factors that influence psychotherapy compliance in patients with depressive disorders, especially at the Adult Psychiatric Polyclinic RSCM. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional design from December 2022 to December 2023. The research sample was adult patients with depressive disorders who received psychotherapy at Adult Psychiatric Polyclinic RSCM. A total of 82 research subjects were selected based on the purposive sampling method. Data was taken using several questionnaires and patient medical record. Data analysis was used with SPSS to look at the basic characteristics of the subjects studied, bivariate to multivariate analysis of various factors studied and psychotherapy compliance. The results showed that the proportion of psychotherapy compliance was 0.73 (CI95% = 0.62 – 0.82). Of the 82 subjects studied, the majority were women (84.1%) with higher education (63.4%) and middle economic status (72.0%). The results of bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between stigma and therapist consistency (p<0.05). Furthermore, low stigma and permanent therapists had more subjects who adhered to psychotherapy compared to high stigma and non-permanent therapists. From multivariate analysis, it was found that the factor that most influenced psychotherapy compliance was therapist consistency (p=0.045).

Abstrak :
Covid-19 merupakan penyakit saluran pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 yang ditemukan di Wuhan pada tahun 2019. Kelompok orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ) rentan terhadap Covid-19 dikarenakan mereka sangat mungkin memiliki kesulitan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan sendiri termasuk perawatan diri selama pandemi. Kondisi tersebut menjadi tantangan bagi keluarga dalam merawat ODGJ yang terkonfirmasi Covid-19, dan hal ini dapat berdampak secara psikologis, fisik, sosial dan juga ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan deskripsi pengalaman keluarga merawat orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ) dengan Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif dan dianalisis dengan metode Colaizzi. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara mendalam. Penelitian pengalaman keluarga dalam merawat ODGJ dengan Covid-19 melibatkan sepuluh partisipan, partisipan terdiri dari tujuh orang perempuan dan tiga orang laki-laki. Sepuluh partisipan sudah merawat ODGJ dengan diagnosa medis Skizofrenia kurang lebih selama 2 tahun sampai 10 tahun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara daring dan luring, sembilan partisipan diwawancarai secara daring menggunakan aplikasi zoom meeting dan whatsapp video call dan satu partisipan diwawancarai secara luring dilaksanakan di wilayah rumah sakit pada saat partisipan mengantarkan pasien untuk kontrol. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada minggu kedua bulan November 2021 sampai minggu pertama bulan Desember 2021. Tema-tema yang muncul dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) situasi perawatan yang hampir sama dalam merawat ODGJ tanpa dan dengan Covid-19, (2) perbedaan dalam merawat ODGJ pada saat terkonfirmasi Covid-19 dan sebelum terkonfirmasi Covid-19, (3) sumber internal keluarga yang digunakan selama merawat ODGJ dengan Covid-19, dan (4) sumber eksternal keluarga yang digunakan selama merawat ODGJ dengan Covid-19. Peneliti merekomendasikan perawat jiwa untuk dapat bekerja sama dengan keluarga dalam mendukung pemulihan ODGJ dengan Covid-19, serta perawat jiwa juga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga akan informasi, dukungan, dan keterampilan dalam perawatan. Pemberian informasi juga dapat diberikan dengan intervensi keluarga yaitu Family Psychoeducation (FPE). ......Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 which was discovered in Wuhan in 2019. Groups of people with mental disorders are vulnerable to Covid-19 because they are very likely to have difficulties in their own needs including self-care during pandemic. This condition is a challenge for families in caring for people with mental disorders who are confirmed with Covid-19, and this can have a psychological, physical, social and economic impact. This study aims to obtain a description of the experience of families caring for people with mental disorders (ODGJ) with Covid-19. This study use a descriptive phenomenological approach and analyzed by the Colaizzi method. Data collection using in-depth interviews. Research on family experiences in caring for people with mental disorders with Covid-19 involved ten participants, the participants consisted of seven women and three men. Ten participants had treated ODGJ with a medical diagnosis of Schizophrenia for approximately 2 to 10 years. This study was conducted online and offline, nine participants were interviewed online using the zoom meeting application and whatsapp video call and one participant was interviewed offline conducted in the hospital area when the participants took the patient for control. The study was carried out in the second week of November 2021 until the first week of December 2021. The themes that emerged from this study were: (1) almost the same treatment situation in treating ODGJ without and with Covid-19, (2) differences in treating ODGJ when confirmed Covid-19 and before confirmed Covid-19, (3) internal family sources used while treating ODGJ with Covid-19, and (4) family external sources used while treating ODGJ with Covid-19. Researchers recommend mental nurses to be able to work together with families in supporting the recovery of ODGJ with Covid-19, and mental nurses can also meet the family's needs for information, support, and skills in care. Information can also be given through family intervention, namely Family Psychoeducation (FPE).

Abstrak :
In world War II, death and violence permeated all aspects of everyday lives of ordinary people in Eastern Europe. Throughout the region, the realities of mass murder and incarceration meant that people learnt to live with daily public hangings of civilian hostages and stumbled on corpses of their neighbors. Moreover, almost entire populations were drawn into fierce and uncompromising political and ideological conflicts, and many ended up being more than mere victims or observers: they themselves became perpetrators or facilitators of violence, often to protect their own lives but also to gain various benefits. Yugoslavia in particular saw a gradual culmination of a complex and brutal civil war, which ultimately killed more civilians than did the foreign occupying armies. This book tells the story of the tremendous impact of such pervasive and multi-layered political violence, and looks at ordinary citizens attempts to negotiate these extraordinary wartime political pressures. In doing so, it examines Yugoslav psychiatric documents as unique windows into this harrowing history. It provides an original perspective on the effects of wartime violence and occupation through the history of psychiatry, mental illness, and personal experience. Using previously untapped patients case files, state and institutional archives, and the professional medical literature of the time, this book explores the socio-cultural history of wartime through the eyes of (mostly lower-class) psychiatric patients. Furthermore, it examines how the experiences of observing, suffering, and committing political violence affected the understanding of human psychology, pathology, and normality in World war II and post-war Balkans and Europe.