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"PPOK merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan manajemen jangka panjang terhadap farmakoterapi. Salah satu faktor kunci yang mendukung keberhasilan obat inhalasi adalah kemampuan pasien untuk menggunakan perangkat dengan benar. Namun, banyak pasien PPOK tidak mencapai hasil yang optimal dari perawatannya karena teknik penggunaan inhaler yang salah dan pelatihan perangkat yang tidak memadai. Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran teknik edukasi terkini mengenai penggunaan inhaler pada pasien PPOK, menganalisis hambatan, efektivitas, dan mengidentifikasi faktor utama keberhasilan teknik edukasi yang digunakan. Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis dengan melakukan pencarian artikel pada database seperti Sciencedirect, Scopus dan PubMed yang diterjemahkan dari Januari 2016 hingga Juni 2020. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian literatur terdapat 10 jurnal yang sesuai dengan kriteria. Kriteria artikel yang direview adalah artikel dengan subjek subjek penelitian pasien PPOK, mencantumkan luaran berupa skor inhaler dan juga peningkatan jumah pasien yang mengunakan inhaler secara benar. Berdasarkan beberapa jurnal yang ditemukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik peninggunaan inhaler meningkat secara signifikan pada edukasi yang dilakukan secara berulang, dan dievaluasi secara berkala. Selain itu, edukasi yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan lebih berpengaruh terhadap perbaikan cara penggunaan inhaler jika dibandingkan edukasi yang dilakukan selain tenaga kesehatan. Kemampuan kognitif pasien yang menurun sesuai usia dan beragamnya jenis inhaler menjadi hambatan dalam pemberian edukasi.

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COPD is a chronic disease that requires long-term management of pharmacotherapy. One key factor that supports the success of inhalation drugs is the patient's ability to use the device properly. However, many COPD patients do not achieve optimal results from their therapy due to incorrect use of inhalers and inadequate device training. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest educational techniques using inhalers in COPD patients to analyze their obstacles, effectiveness, and to observe the main factors of their success. The literature search was conducted systematically by conducting research articles searches on databases such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed, which were published from January 2016 to June 2020. Ten journals meet the criteria. The criteria are the article with the subject is COPD patients, and the outcome is the score of the inhaler and the increase in the patient using the inhaler correctly. Based on several journals found, it can be concluded that the inhaler technique increased significantly in education carried out repeatedly, and evaluated periodically. Also, education carried out by health workers is superior to the improvement of inhaler techniques when compared to education carried out other than health workers. Decreased patient's cognitive ability and diverse types of inhaler devices are barriers in education delivery."

"Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) usually represents the final step in the management of severe chronic respiratory diseases. The focus of this volume is on new insights and novel perspectives of LTOT. Starting from consolidated experiences, it's aim is also to emphasize the strategic value of developing technologies and innovative organizational models uniquely to find out even more opportunities and advantages for the management of chronic respiratory patients needing long-term oxygen treatment."

"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. By 2020, COPD is expected to be the fifth leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death. COPD is associated with significant co-morbid illnesses including cardiovascular disease, pulmonary vascular disease, osteoporosis, depression and thoracic malignancies. In addition, COPD patients often have systemic manifestations of their disease, including peripheral muscle dysfunction, decreased activity levels and nutritional abnormalities, all of which contribute to poor functional status, decreased quality of life and increased health care utilization. Lack of recognition and understanding of the complex interactions of these common co-morbid conditions and systemic effects often contributes to sub-optimal care for patients with COPD."