Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara lebih mendalam mekanisme molekuler fenomena respons adaptasi pada penduduk Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat sebagai area radiasi latar tinggi (high background radiation area/HBRA) di Indonesia khususnya ditinjau dari jalur inflamasi dan stress oksidatif. Metode: Penduduk Dusun Tande-Tande, Mamuju sebagai area radiasi latar tinggi dan penduduk Desa Topoyo, Mamuju Tengah sebagai kelompok kontrol direkrut dalam penelitian. Pemeriksaan kerusakan DNA, aberasi kromosom tidak stabil, stabil, mikronukleus, indeks mitosis, nuclear division index, aktivitas enzim SOD, GPx konsentrasi CAT serum dan darah lengkap dilakukan pada penelitian. Analisis G2 MN dilakukan untuk memvalidasi respons adaptasi pada penduduk Dusun Tande-Tande. Pengukuran konsentrasi sitokin dan protein pro-inflamasi, anti-inflamasi, p-Akt, Akt, dan NFkB dilakukan untuk mengetahui keterlibatan jalur inflamasi dan stress oksidatif pada fenomena respons adaptasi. Hasil: Analisis kerusakan DNA, aberasi kromosom tidak stabil, stabil, aktivitas SOD, aktivitas GPx menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok penelitian. Rerata konsentrasi CAT kelompok kasus lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Nilai indeks mitosis dan nuclear division index (NDI) pada kelompok kasus lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Rerata konsentrasi sitokin proinflamasi dan anti-inflamasi pada serum kelompok kasus lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Rerata konsentrasi protein marker inflamasi CRP pada serum kelompok kasus lebih rendah tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Hasil pemeriksaan darah lengkap memperlihatkan bahwa jumlah sel darah merah kelompok kasus lebih tinggi secara bermakna sedangkan jumlah limfosit, nilai MCV, MCH, MCHC, dan RDW kelompok kasus lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Rerata nilai rasio p-Akt/Akt dan konsentrasi NFkB kelompok kasus lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Fenomena respons adaptasi terhadap radiasi terjadi pada penduduk Dusun Tande-Tande, Mamuju. Hasil penelitian belum dapat membuktikan peningkatan antioksidan serta sitokin tertentu baik sitokin pro maupun anti-inflamasi pada kelompok kasus. Aktivasi jalur Akt dan NFkB pada kelompok kasus belum dapat dibuktikan mengingat nilai rasio p-Akt/Akt serta konsentrasi NFkB lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. ......Background: This study aim is to investigate the molecular mechanism of radioadaptive response in inhabitants of Mamuju, West Sulawesi as one of the high background radiation areas of Indonesia, particularly from inflammatory and oxidative stress perspectives. Methods: Tande-Tande sub-village, Mamuju district inhabitants as high background radiation areas, and Topoyo Village inhabitants in Middle Mamuju district were recruited in this study. Evaluation of DNA damage, unstable and stable chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus, mitotic index, nuclear dividon index, SOD and GPx activities, serum catalase concentration and complete blood count were performed in this study. The G2 MN assay for validating the radioadaptive response phenomenon was performed in this study. Measurement of pro and anti-inflamamatory cytokines, p-Akt, AKt and NFkB were performed to find out the involvement of infllmation and stress oxidative on radioadaptive response phenomenon. Results: The levels of DNA damage and stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of cell proliferation represented by the mitotic and nuclear dividion indexes showed a significantly higher rate in the case group. The SOD and GPx activities were not significantly different between the two groups. Interestingly, the CAT concentration was significantly lower in the case group. A significant lower level of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was also found in the case group. A lower level of CRP concentration as an inflammatory marker protein also showed in the present study, although it was not statistically significant. The complete blood counts analysis revealed a significant increase in RBC numbers and a significant decrease in lymphocyte numbers (MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW values) in the case group. The p-Akt/Akt ratio and NFkB concentration were also found to be statistically lower in the case group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the radioadaptive response phenomena induced by chronic low radiation dose exposure existed in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants. However, this present study failed to find a significant increase of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants. The activation of Akt and NFkB pathways in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants was also not found in this present study.

Abstrak :
This book is aimed at Health Physicists wishing to gain a better understanding of the principles and practices associated with a light water reactor (LWR) radiation protection program. The role of key program elements is presented in sufficient detail to assist practicing radiation protection professionals in improving and strengthening their current program. Details related to daily operation and discipline areas vital to maintaining an effective LWR radiation protection program are presented. Programmatic areas and functions important in preventing, responding to, and minimizing radiological incidents and the importance of performing effective incident evaluations and investigations are described.

Abstrak :
This book summarizes the advances achieved by these research groups after more than ten years of studies on radiation damage in biomolecular systems. An extensive Part I deals with recent experimental and theoretical findings on radiation induced damage at the molecular level. It includes many contributions on electron and positron collisions with biologically relevant molecules. X-ray and ion interactions are also covered. Part II addresses different approaches to radiation damage modelling. In Part III biomedical aspects of radiation effects are treated on different scales. After the physics-oriented focus of the previous parts, there is a gradual transition to biology and medicine with the increasing size of the object studied. Finally, Part IV is dedicated to current trends and novel techniques in radiation reserach and the applications hence arising. It includes new developments in radiotherapy and related cancer therapies, as well as technical optimizations of accelerators and totally new equipment designs, giving a glimpse of the near future of radiation-based medical treatments.