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Abstrak :
Emboli paru merupakan kondisi ketika gumpalan darah dari vena dalam memasuki arteri pulmonal sehingga dapat menghambat aliran darah ke paru-paru. Kombinasi metode SPECT/CT dengan Technetium-99m (99mTc) dapat memberikan informasi lengkap anatomi dalam mendiagnosis emboli paru. Karbon aktif dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengadsorpsi senyawa radioaktif 99mTc. Sifat aerodinamis yang buruk dari karbon aktif menjadi tantangan agar dapat terdeposisi di paru-paru sehingga perlu dikombinasikan dengan serbuk pembawa untuk meningkatkan sifat aerodinamis dari karbon aktif bertanda 99mTc. Serbuk pembawa dibuat dengan memformulasikan 5% b/v manitol dengan 30% b/b L-leusin dengan metode semprot kering. Delapan formula dirancang dengan memvariasikan 3 parameter, yaitu konsentrasi amonium bikarbonat, suhu inlet, dan tekanan gas atomisasi. Serbuk pembawa kemudian dikarakterisasi rendemen, organoleptis, morfologi, kandungan lembab, densitas, distribusi ukuran partikel geometris, dan aerodinamis. Serbuk pembawa manitol dengan amonium bikarbonat 10% (b/b), suhu inlet 140oC, dan tekanan gas atomisasi 667 L/jam menunjukkan sifat aerodinamis terbaik dengan nilai fine particle dose (FPD) sebesar 4,7347 mg. Setelah itu, serbuk pembawa dengan sifat aerodinamis terbaik (SP8) dicampurkan dengan serbuk karbon aktif bertanda Rhenium (analog dari 99mTc karbon) dengan perbandingan 1:2, kemudian dikarakterisasi kembali. Serbuk inhalasi karbon aktif bertanda rhenium (F1) menunjukkan peningkatan nilai FPD sebesar 1,29 kali dibanding tanpa serbuk pembawa. ......Pulmonary embolism is a condition where blood clots in the deep veins enter the pulmonary artery, potentially obstructing blood flow to the lungs. Combining SPECT/CT imaging with Technetium-99m (99mTc) provides comprehensive anatomical information for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. Activated carbon can be used to adsorb the radioactive compound 99mTc. The poor aerodynamic properties of activated carbon pose a challenge for lung deposition, so it needs to be combined with a carrier-based DPI to improve aerodynamic properties of 99mTc-labelled activated carbon. Carrier-based DPI powders were formulated by spray-dry method incorporating 5% (w/v) mannitol with 30% (w/w) L-leucine. Eight experimental formula were designed by varying three parameters, such as the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate, inlet temperature, and atomizing gas pressure. The carrier-based DPI powders characterized for yield, organoleptic, morphology, moisture content, density, geometric and aerodynamic particle size distribution. This study showed mannitol carrier-based DPI powder with 10% (w/w) ammonium bicarbonate, inlet temperature of 140 oC, and atomizing gas pressure of 667 L/hout showed the best aerodynamic properties with fine particle dose (FPD) values of 4,7347 mg. Subsequently, the carrier-based DPI with the best aerodynamic properties was mixed with Rhenium-labelled activated carbon powder (an analogue of 99mTc carbon) at ratios of 1:2, and characterized again. Rhenium-labelled activated carbon inhalable powder (F1) showed an increase in FPD values of 1,29x compared to carrier-free.

Abstrak :
Sering kali dalam melakukan pengukuran/pencacahan radiasi, teknik NDT (Non Destructive Testing) memerlukan lebih dari satu detektor misalnya pada teknologi tomografi dan radiotracer. Pencacahan radiasi dengan multi detektor menjadi lebih mudah dilakukan jika semua detektor dihubungkan ke sebuah sistem terpadu yang dapat menyalurkan data cacahan ke komputer, seperti yang dirancang pada penelitian ini. Sistem terpadu yang dirancang merupakan rangkaian master-slave dimana setiap detektor dihubungkan pada sebuah slave. Setiap slave dapat berkomunikasi dengan master yang terkoneksi ke personal komputer (PC) secara serial. Dengan perangkat lunak yang terdapat pada komputer, user dapat membaca cacahan dari masing-masing detektor dalam bentuk angka dan grafik, menyimpan data, serta mengatur variabel kontrol: tegangan tinggi, window dan waktu cacah dari masing-masing detektor. Pengaturan tegangan tinggi dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh kurva plateau sehingga didapatkan daerah tegangan kerja detektor yang terbaik, sedangkan pengaturan window digunakan untuk menyeleksi energi radiasi untuk dicacah. Sistem yang dibuat sudah dapat berfungsi namun memiliki noise yang besar karena ketidakstabilan power supply tegangan tinggi.

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Frequently in NDT (Non Destructive Testing), measuring or counting the radiation needs more than one detector, e.g. at tomography and radiotracer technology. Radiation counting with multi detectors becomes easier if all of the detectors are connected to an integrated system that able to send the counting data to a computer, like designed in this research. The integrated system designed is master-slave circuit where each detectors connected to a slave. Every slave can communicate with master that connected to a personal computer (PC) via serial communication. By a software in the PC, user can read the radiation counting from each detectors in numbers and graphs, saving the data, and adjusting the control variable: high voltage, window, and counting time for each detector. High voltage adjustment is used for plotting plateau curve so the detector?s best working voltage region will be obtained, whilst window adjustment is used for selecting radiation energies to be counted. The system made can run properly but has much noise because of high voltage power supply unstability.

Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengasaman air laut terhadap pola bioakumulasi Zn pada Babylonia spirata. Jalur paparan kontaminan dilakukan melalui jalur air, di bawah pengaruh konsentrasi Zn dengan kisaran 0,1; 0,3; 0,5; 0,7 ppm, salinitas dengan kisaran 23, 25 dan 27 ppt, serta pengaruh pH dengan kisaran 7,1; 7,8; 8,3. Setiap hari seluruh biota uji dianalisis menggunakan spektrometer gamma untuk memperoleh data pengambilan kontaminan dari aktivitas 65Zn. Paparan dihentikan saat aktivitas 65Zn dalam tubuh biota uji tidak mengalami kenaikan (steady state). Selanjutnya, dilakukan proses pelepan kontaminan untuk mengurangi kadar logam pada biota uji menggunakan metode pengaliran air berulang. Selama proses pelepasan, setiap hari seluruh biota uji dianalisis aktivitas 65Zn menggunakan spektrometer gamma untuk memperoleh data pelepasan kontaminan. Pada eksperimen ini didapatkan nilai CF pada pengaruh konsentrasi, salinitas dan pH masing-masing sebesar 44,25-88,49 mL/g; 45,98-76,68 mL/g.; 36,46-52,03 mL/g.

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In this study, modeling was carried out to determine the effect of ocean acidification on Zn bioaccumulation pattern in Babylona spirata. The contaminant exposure pathway was carried out through water with a variation of Zn concentration at range 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7 ppm, salinity at range 23; 25; and 27 ppt, and pH at range 7.1; 7.8; and 8.3. The biotas taking of contaminants was examined daily from their 65Zn activities using a gamma spectrophotometer. Contaminant exposure was stopped after constant 65Zn activity was observed (steady state). The contaminant release process was then carried out to reduce the metal content in experimental biota using a recurrent water flow method. During the releasing process, the biotas release of contaminants was examined daily by measuring 65Zn activities using a gamma spectrophotometer. In this study it was found that CF values on the effect of concentration, salinity and pH were 44.25-88.49 mL/g, 45.98-76.68 mL/g, and 36.46-52.03 mL/g respectively.

Abstrak :
In this book how cosmogenic radionuclides can be used to trace and to reconstruct the history of a large variety of processes. They discuss the way in which cosmogenic radionuclides can assist in the quantification of complex processes in the present-day environment.

Abstrak :
99mTc-sestamibi is a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracer that is widely used for the imaging of myocardial perfusion, as well as a variety of malignant and benign diseases. 99mTc-Sestamibi. Clinical applications provides a detailed and informative overview of almost all the oncologic and non-oncologic applications of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT, including several relatively rare indications. Different disease-related protocols for 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT are presented, and for each disease a comprehensive summary of the relevant pathology and epidemiology is provided. Throughout, there is a strong emphasis on the practical aspects of use of this popular tracer, including instructions for the preparation of several commercially available tracer kits. Clinical practitioners will find this book to be an invaluable guide to the application and benefits of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT in both the inpatient and the outpatient setting.