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"Konsep diaspora telah mengalami perkembangan, terutama jika berkaitan dengan agama yang turut mempengaruhi negosiasi identitas. Karena banyaknya diaspora di dunia modern, John Hinnells (1997a, hal. 686, dalam Vertovec, 2004, hal. 279-280) mendefinisikan agama dalam konteks masyarakat diaspora sebagai traveling religion atau diaspora religion yang bermakna agama bagi setiap orang yang memiliki perasaan jauh dari tanah agama, atau jauh dari ‘negara lama’; bahkan istilah tersebut mencakup situasi untuk mewakili ‘fenomena minoritas’. Penelitian ini berfokus pada novel Homeland Elegies (2020) karya Ayad Akhtar. Novel ini adalah novel autofiction yang menunjukkan upaya kelompok Muslim Pakistan untuk membentuk identitas mereka di tengah masyarakat Amerika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis struktural dengan teori naratologi Franz K. Stanzel, serta didukung oleh konsep identitas dan belonging Stuart Hall sebagai konsep kunci. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bagaimana konstruksi identitas kelompok Muslim Pakistan Amerika menghadirkan negosiasi melalui identitas ke-Amerika-an (Americanness) dan belonging terhadap Amerika dalam novel autobiografi fiksi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi dualitas identitas yang dihadirkan merupakan negosiasi yang tarik-menarik antara negara lama dan negara baru. Dualitas identitas tersebut hadir sebagai kritik terhadap identitas ke- Amerika-an (Americanness). Negosiasi identitas dan belonging kelompok Muslim Pakistan juga terbentuk karena adanya perasaan terhubung dengan negara Amerika dan homogenisasi budaya diaspora ke dalam budaya mayoritas Barat.

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The concept of diaspora has developed especially in the religion aspect which influences the identity negotiation of individuals or communities. Due to the large number of diasporas in the modern world, John Hinnells (1997, p. 686, in Vertovec, 2004, p. 279- 280) defines the religion in the context of a community of diaspora and religion as ‘traveling religion’ or ‘diaspora religion’ which means the religion of everyone who feels that they have been separated away from the religion of their homeland, living far from the ‘old country’; it includes a situation that represents the ‘minority phenomenon’. This research focuses on Homeland Elegies (2020) written by Ayad Akhtar. Homeland Elegies is an autofiction novel that shows the struggles of the Pakistani Muslim community to construct their identity in America. This study uses a structural analysis method with the narratological theory of Franz K. Stanzel and is supported by Stuart Hall’s theoretical formulation of identity as the key concept used in the analysis. This study aims to find how identity construction of Pakistani Muslims in America plays an important role in cultural negotiation through Americanness and belonging to America in autobiography fiction. The findings of this study show that duality of identity is presented as a tug-of- war negotiation between the old and new countries. This duality of identity presents a critique of Americanness which is a form of negotiation. The identity and belonging of Pakistani Muslims are also constructed by a sense of connection with American values and diaspora cultural homogenization."

"Review :In the nineteenth century, Nietzsche famously announced that God was dead. In the twentieth century, an increasing reliance on science and technology led to a widespread rejection of belief on the grounds of its irrationality. Yet for all the skepticism directed towards it, religion has not died. In fact, the opposite has occurred: it has persisted and proliferated. In this wide-ranging dialogue, two leading commentators on religion address - from their different but complementary traditions of Christianity and Buddhism - the continuing appeal of spirituality to people eager to explore fundamental questions of meaning and identity. The authors indicate that science, for all the benefits it has conferred, has limits of explanation. It may be able to show how, but not necessarily why. --BOOK JACKET.ContentsBeyond the clash of civilizations -- Martin Luther King, Jr. and the spirit of non-violence -- The market economy and the role of religion -- The age of the internet: interplay of danger and promise -- Rapidly changing times: return to the origins of religion -- Courageous heroes of non-violence -- The future of China and India : great spiritual heritages -- The future of university education -- Mahayana Buddhism and twenty-first century civilization -- Religion, values and politics in a religiously pluralistic world."