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"Pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan bakar dilakukan dengan aktivitas impor bahan bakar yang menyebabkan defisit pada current account. Indonesia juga berkomitmen untuk ikut serta dalam pembatasan kenaikan suhu rata-rata global di Conference of Parties (COP) 21 dengan menurunkan emisi karbon sebesar 29% dengan usaha sendiri. Produksi Renewable diesel menggunakan teknologi hydrotreatment dengan bahan baku 100% bio-oil dan co-processing dengan bahan baku 50% bio-oil. Kapasitas produksi pada simulasi ini yaitu teknologi hydrotreatment sebesar 1,9 juta ton pertahun dan co-processing 633.600 ton pertahun dengan by-products LPG 297.840 ton pertahun, naphta 316.800 ton pertahun, dan bensin 617.700 ton pertahun. Biaya investasi atau CAPEX hydrotreatment dan co-processing masing-masing 1.198.000.000 USD dan 2.159.290.000 USD. Biaya operasional atau OPEX hydrotreatment dan co-processing masing-masing 1.612.800.000 USD dan 1.097.000.000 USD. NPV selama 25 tahun sebesar USD 18.779.951.443 dan USD 19.268.377.636. Internal rate of return hydrotreatment dan co-processing masing-masing 42% dan 32%. Biaya pokok produksi hydrotreatment dan co-processing masing-masing 68 USD/MJ dan 54 USD/MJ. Teknologi hydrotreatment dengan bahan baku 100% bio-oil lebih sensitif terhadap parameter bahan baku dan harga produk, sedangkan teknologi co-processing lebih sensitive terhadap parameter biaya operasional. Pelaksanaan produksi renewable diesel perlu memperhatikan sensitivitas parameter-parameter tersebut.

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Fulfillment of fuel needs is carried out with fuel import activities that cause a current account deficit. Indonesia is also committed to participating in limiting global average temperature increases at Conference of Parties (COP) 21 by reducing carbon emissions by 29% on its own. Renewable diesel production using hydrotreatment technology with 100% bio-oil raw material and co-processing with 50% bio-oil raw material. The production capacity of hydrotreatment is 1.9 million tons per year and co-processing 633.600 tons per year with by-products LPG 297.840 tons per year, naphta 316.800 tons per year, and gasoline 617.700 tons per year. Investment costs or CAPEX hydrotreatment and co-processing are 1.198.000.000 USD and 2.159.290.000 USD, respectively. Operational costs or OPEX of hydrotreatment and co-processing are 1.612.800.000 USD and 1.097.000.000 USD, respectively. NPV for 25 years amounted to USD 18.779.951.443 and USD 19.268.377.636. Internal rate of return hydrotreatment and co-processing are 42% and 32%, respectively. The levelized cost of energy of hydrotreatment and co-processing are 68 USD/MJ and 54 USD/MJ, respectively. Hydrotreatment technology with 100% bio-oil raw material is more sensitive to raw material parameters and product prices, while co-processing technology is more sensitive to operational cost parameters. The implementation of renewable diesel production needs to consider the sensitivity of these parameters.

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"Pertumbuhan populasi di Indonesia secara signifikan meningkatkan kebutuhan untuk sumber energi, sementara cadangan bahan bakar fosil terus berkurang, sehingga diperlukan sumber energi alternatif. Salah satu alternatif yang diketahui adalah diesel terbarukan. Meski diesel terbarukan berbahan dasar dari minyak nabati telah banyak diteliti, salah satu potensi bahan baku berdasar lemak hewani masih belum banyak diteliti. Diesel terbarukan berpotensi dapat menjadi alternatif, karena dapat diproduksi dari limbah lemak hewani dengan kualitas produk setara dengan solar melalui proses hidrodeoksigenasi. Prodses hidrodeoksigenasi adalah proses konversi termal yang menghasilkan produk rantai karbon diesel terbarukan dengan menghilangkan senyawa oksigen dari minyak lemak hewani. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model yang tepat dan mensimulasikan efek dari variasi temperature dan tekanan pada proses hidrodeoxigenasi minyak lemak hewani (lemak sapi dan lemak ayam) menggunakan reactor PFR dengan parameter kinetika reaksi pada aplikasi UNISIM R.390.1. Parameter yield dan konversi kemudian digunakan untuk mengevaluasi jenis lemak hewani yang paling sesuai sebagai bahan baku diesel terbarukan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, minyak ayam yang diproses pada suhu 300℃ dan tekanan 30 bar memberikan yield dan konversi tertinggi, masing-masing sebesar 34% dan 15%.

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The rapid population growth in Indonesia has significantly increased demands of energy source, while the available source of fossil fuel is depleting, necessitating an alternative source of energy. One of the alternatives being widely known is renewable diesel. Although renewable diesel from vegetable oils is widely recognized, the potential of animal fat as a feedstock for renewable diesel remains unexplored. Renewable diesel presents as a promising alternative as it can be produced from animal fat waste with diesel fuel quality through hydrodeoxygenation process. The hydrodeoxygenation process is a thermal conversion process that produces renewable diesel carbon chains by removing oxygenated compounds from animal fat oil. The research aims to obtain appropriate model and simulate the effect of temperature and pressure variation on hydrodeoxygenation of animal fat oil (beef tallow and chicken fat oil) by utilizing PFR reactor with a specified reaction kinetic parameter, utilizing UNISIM R.390.1. The yield and conversion are selected as the key parameter to determine the most favourable animal fat for renewable diesel. The research shows that chicken fat oil that processed at 300℃ and pressure of 30 bar produce highest yield and conversion of 34% and 15%, respectively."