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Abstrak :
Konservasi lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) yang merupakan primata endemik Indonesia berstatus vulnerable dilakukan di Gembira Loka Zoo. Pengamatan interaksi sosial dan reproduksi dapat menjadi faktor pendukung dari keberhasilan rehabilitasi di penangkaran. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai interaksi sosial dan reproduksi lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus E. Geoffroy, 1812) jantan dan betina di Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi sosial dan reproduksi 2 kelompok lutung jawa jantan dan betina pada 2 kandang yang berbeda. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 4 pasangan, yang terdiri dari P1 (jantan A dan betina 1A), P2 (jantan A dan betina 2A), P3 (jantan 1B dan betina B), serta P4 (jantan 2B dan betina B). Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode scan sampling dan ad libitum dengan interval 10 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, interaksi sosial yang teramati adalah body contact, proximity, allogrooming, non-contact aggression, dan contact aggression. Interaksi sosial didominasi oleh interaksi sosial affiliative dibandingkan agonistik. Frekuensi interaksi sosial affiliative tertinggi teramati pada P3 (30,44%) dan interaksi sosial agonistik tertinggi teramati pada P1 (1,29%). Sementara itu, interaksi reproduksi yang teramati adalah atraktivitas, proseptivitas, dan reseptivitas, dengan frekuensi atraktivitas dan proseptivitas tertinggi teramati pada P3 (70,11%), sedangkan frekuensi reseptivitas tertinggi pada P2 (3,45%). Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan (Asymp. Sig < 0,05) pada perilaku proximity, allogrooming, atraktivitas dan proseptivitas, serta menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan (Asymp. Sig > 0,05) pada perilaku body contact, non contact aggression, contact aggression dan reseptivitas. Selama pengamatan, teramati adanya interaksi sosial dan reproduksi lutung jawa antarkandang yang berbeda. ......Conservation of  Javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus), an endemic primate of Indonesia classified as vulnerable, is conducted at Gembira Loka Zoo. Observations of social interactions and reproductive can be supportive factors for the success of rehabilitation in captivity. Research has been conducted on the social interactions and reproduction of male and female Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus E. Geoffroy, 1812) at Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta. This study aims to analyze the social interactions and reproductive of two groups of male and female Javan langurs in two different enclosures. Observations were made on four pairs, consisting of P1 (male A and female 1A), P2 (male A and female 2A), P3 (male 1B and female B), and P4 (male 2B and female B). The methods used were scan sampling and ad libitum with a 10-minute interval. Based on the results of the study, observed social interactions included body contact, proximity, allogrooming, non-contact aggression, and contact aggression. Social interactions were dominated by affiliative social interactions compared to agonistic ones. The highest frequency of affiliative social interactions was observed in P3 (30.44%), while the highest frequency of agonistic social interactions was observed in P1 (1.29%). Meanwhile, observed reproductive interactions included attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity, with the highest frequency of receptivity was observed in P2 (3.45%). Kruskal-Wallis test results showed significant differences (Asymp. Sig < 0.05) in proximity behavior, allogrooming, attractiveness, and proceptivity, while showing no significant differences (Asymp. Sig > 0.05) in body contact, non-contact aggression, contact aggression, and receptivity behaviors. During the observation, social and reproductive interactions between different enclosures of Javan langurs were observed.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai perilaku sosial dan reproduksi bekantan Nasalis larvatus (van Wurmb, 1787) di Taman Safari Bogor. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi interaksi sosial antara bekantan jantan dengan betina dan antarindividu bekantan betina, serta mengevaluasi perilaku reproduksi pada jantan dan betina. Metode pengamatan yang digunakan yaitu scan sampling dan ad libitum sampling dengan interval waktu 15 (lima belas) menit tanpa jeda. Waktu pengamatan dalam satu hari yaitu selama 6 jam dan dilaksanakan selama empat pekan pada bulan November 2019. Subjek yang diamati dalam penelitian yaitu satu individu bekantan jantan dewasa berusia 20 tahun (J) dan dua individu bekantan betina dewasa berusia 14 tahun (B1) dan 11 tahun (B2) yang ditempatkan bersama di dalam kandang kaca. Perilaku sosial yang terjadi di antara individu bekantan menunjukkan tingginya perilaku afiliatif (rerata 99,28%) dan rendahnya perilaku agresi (rerata 0,72%). Perilaku reproduksi dilakukan oleh kedua pasangan bekantan jantan dan betina dengan total perilaku reproduksi antara J dengan B1 lebih tinggi (37 interaksi) dibanding antara J dengan B2 (5 interaksi). Berdasarkan uji t yang dilakukan dengan nilai α = 0,05, total perilaku reproduksi kedua pasangan berbeda secara signifikan dengan nilai P < 0,05. Kedua pasangan bekantan memiliki total tiga individu anak sehingga pengamatan terhadap perilaku pengasuhan dan interaksi antarindividu anak bekantan juga dilakukan secara ad libitum. Kedua individu betina melakukan perilaku pengasuhan menggendong, menyusui, social grooming, kontak tubuh, bermain, dan allomothering. Peran induk jantan dalam pengasuhan yaitu membangun kedekatan dengan kedua induk betina dan melakukan perilaku melindungi anggota kelompok. Interaksi yang dilakukan antarindividu anak bekantan yaitu kontak tubuh, bermain, dan social grooming.

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ABSTRACT The research on social and reproductive behaviours of proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus (van Wurmb, 1787) at Taman Safari Bogor has been done. The purposes of the research are to evaluate social interactions between male and female proboscis monkeys, and between the females, and to evaluate reproductive behaviours in males and females. Observation methods used were scan sampling and ad libitum sampling with fifteen minutes intervals without pause. The observation time was 6 hours per day and was done for four weeks in November 2019. Subjects observed in the study were one adult male aged 20 years (J) and two adult females aged 14 years (B1) and 11 years (B2) in a glass cage. Social behaviours indicates high affiliative behaviours (average 99,28%) and low aggressive behaviours (average 0,72%). Reproductive behaviours carried out by both pairs and the higher number of reproductive behaviours happened between J and B1 (37 interactions) than J and B2 (5 interactions). Based on the t-test, the number of reproductive behaviours of the pairs significantly different with the value of P < 0,05. Both pairs of proboscis monkeys have total three children, so observations of parenting behaviours (parental care) and interactions between the child also carried out with ad libitum method. Both adult females carried out parenting behaviours consist of carrying, breastfeeding, social grooming, body contact, social playing, and allomothering. The male established closeness with both females and performed protective behaviours for the group members as his contribution to parenting behaviours. The interactions carried out between the children were body contact, social playing, and social grooming.