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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Penilaian risiko karies adalah suatu hal yang penting untuk dilakukan pada saat kunjungan anak ke dokter gigi. CAMBRA versi Indonesia merupakan salah satu metode penilaian risiko karies gigi anak. Di era pandemi Covid-19, frekuensi kunjungan anak dan orang tua ke dokter gigi menjadi berkurang sehingga penilaian risiko karies pada anak sulit dilakukan. Keberadaan telepon pintar dan sistem operasi di dalamnya seperti android, diharapkan dapat mampu bermanfaat bagi orang tua untuk secara langsung menilai risiko karies pada anak. Tingkat pendidikan orang tua merupakan hal yang berpengaruh di dalam penggunaan telepon pintar. Penelitian mengenai aplikasi CAMBRA versi Indonesia berbasis android pada anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan orang tua berpendidikan tinggi belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya di Indonesia. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aplikasi CAMBRA versi Indonesia berbasis android "SKOR GIGI" dalam menilai risiko karies anak usia 0-5 tahun oleh orang tua berpendidikan tinggi Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Kanak-kanak, PAUD, dan RSKGM FKG UI dengan subjek penelitian adalah 37 orang tua berpendidikan tinggi yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Setelah mengisi informed consent, subjek penelitian diminta mengisi aplikasi SKOR GIGI pada telepon pintar berbasis android. Enam hari setelahnya dilakukan wawancara untuk pengisian formulir CAMBRA versi Indonesia oleh dokter gigi. Hasil kemudian diolah statistik untuk melihat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dari aplikasi, dan dilakukan uji komparatif antara pengisian aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan formulir CAMBRA versi Indonesia. Hasil : Uji sensitivitas aplikasi SKOR GIGI menunjukkan nilai 96,3%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai duga positif 100%, dan nilai duga negatif 90,9%, yang dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa aplikasi SKOR GIGI valid untuk digunakan. Hasil uji komparatif dengan McNemar menunjukkan p-value 1.000 yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara penilaian risiko karies anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan menggunakan aplikasi SKOR GIGI oleh orang tua berpendidikan tinggi dan formulir CAMBRA versi Indonesia oleh dokter gigi. Kesimpulan : Aplikasi CAMBRA versi Indonesia berbasis android SKOR GIGI dapat digunakan untuk menilai risiko karies anak usia 0-5 tahun oleh orang tua berpendidikan tinggi. ......Background: Caries risk assessment is essential to do during a child's dental visit. The Indonesian version of CAMBRA is a method for assessing the risk of dental caries in children. In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of dental visits by children and parents has declined, making it difficult to assess caries risk in children. The availability of a smartphone and its operating systems like Android is expected to be useful for parents to directly assess the risk of caries in children. The level of education of parents is an influential factor in their use of smartphones. There has never been any research in Indonesia on the Indonesian version of the Android-based CAMBRA application among children aged 0-5 years by highly educated parents. Objective: This research aimed to analyze the Indonesian version of the Android-based CAMBRA application “SKOR GIGI” in assessing the caries risk of children aged 0-5 years by highly educated parents. Methods: This research was conducted in kindergarten, playschool, and RSKGM FKG of UI with 37 parents as with higher education according to the inclusion criteria as the research subjects. Following the completion of the informed consent, the research subjects were instructed to fill out the SKOR GIGI application on their Android-based smartphones. Six days later, an interview was conducted to fill out the Indonesian version of the CAMBRA form by the dentist. The findings were then statistically processed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the application, and a comparative test was performed between filling out the SKOR GIGI application and the Indonesian version of the CAMBRA form. Results: The results of the tests performed on the SKOR GIGI application indicate a value of 96.3% for sensitivity, 100% for specificity, 100% for positive predictive value, and 90.9% for negative predictive value. It can be interpreted that the SKOR GIGI application is valid to use. The results of the comparative test with McNemar indicated a p-value of 1,000, showing that there was no significant difference between the caries risk assessment of children aged 0-5 years using the SKOR GIGI application by highly educated parents and the Indonesian version of the CAMBRA form by dentists. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the Android-based CAMBRA application SKOR GIGI can be used to assess the caries risk of children aged 0-5 years by highly educated parents.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas dampak delayering atau penyederhanaan birokrasi di lingkungan Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh implementasi kebijakan delayering yang dilakukan secara cepat dan masif di lingkungan Kemendikbudristek dengan menjadikan Inspektorat Jenderal Kemendikbudristek sebagai role model dalam penerapannya. Namun demikian, delayering yang diterapkan di Itjen Kemendikbudristek belum sempurna seperti yang diharapkan sehingga menimbulkan berbagai dampak serta reaksi dari pegawai di dalam organisasinya. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut perlu dilihat lebih dalam bagaimana dampak terhadap pegawai serta organisasi akibat perubahan yang terjadi secara cepat terutama pada struktur organisasi. Reaksi pegawai terhadap dampak akibat perubahan tersebut juga menjadi penting untuk dilihat agar permasalahan yang dapat menghambat proses perubahan seperti resistensi pegawai dapat dikelola dengan baik. Pada akhirnya, peneliti berusaha merumuskan upaya antisipatif untuk mengatasi dampak serta reaksi negatif yang terjadi pasca delayering di Itjen Kemendikbudristek. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus untuk mengeksplorasi suatu fenomena kontemporer. Peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur yang kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan aplikasi NVIVO 12 Plus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) dampak ditimbulkan akibat perubahan struktur organisasi di Inspektorat Jenderal Kemendikbudristek pasca delayering yaitu adanya perubahan pada proses bisnis organisasi, proses koordinasi internal organisasi, proses pengambilan keputusan, pemenuhan angka kredit bagi JFT serta jenjang karir pegawai; 2) reaksi SDM terhadap perubahan yang terjadi pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kemendikbud pasca delayering di lingkungan Itjen Kemendikbudristek juga sangat beragam ada yang mendukung, netral, dan resisten; 3) dampak dan reaksi negatif yang ada tentunya memiliki pengaruh terhadap proses kerja individu bahkan mungkin kinerja organisasi sehingga diperlukan berbagai masukan/upaya antisipatif evaluasi dan kajian ilmiah, restrukturisasi, penghapusan koordiantor dan subkoordinator, pembaruan budaya kerja, penguatan JFT, serta pembentukkan pemimpin kelompok. ......This thesis discusses about the impact of delayering or bureaucracy simplification within the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of The Republic of Indonesia. The research was motivated by the implementation of the delayering policy which was carried out quickly and massively within the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology by making the Inspectorate General as a role model in its implementation. However, the delayering applied at the Inspectorate General has not been perfect as expected, causing various impacts and reactions from employees within the organization. In this regard, it is necessary to look more deeply into how the impact on employees and the organization due to changes that occur rapidly, especially in the organizational structure. Employee reactions to the impact of these changes are also important to look at so that problems that can hinder the change process such as employee resistance can be managed properly. In the end, the researcher tried to formulate anticipatory efforts to overcome the negative impacts and reactions that occurred after delaying at the Inspectorate General. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a case study approach to explore a contemporary phenomenon. Researcher collected data by in-depth interviews and literature studies which were then processed using the NVIVO 12 Plus application. The results of the study show that: 1) the impact caused by changes in the organizational structure at the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology after delayering, namely changes in organizational business processes, organizational internal coordination processes, decision-making processes, fulfillment of credit scores for certain functional positions and employee career paths; 2) HR reactions to changes that occur in the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology after delaying within the Inspectorate General are also very diverse, some are supportive, neutral, and resistant; 3) The existing negative impacts and reactions certainly have an influence on individual work processes and maybe even organizational performance so that various inputs/anticipatory efforts are needed for scientific evaluations and studies, restructuritation, eliminating coordinators and sub-coordinators, reform the work culture, strengthening certain functional positions, and forming group leaders.