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"Pemerintah Indonesia berencana meningkatkan penggunaan batubara sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Dengan berjalannya kebijakan ini maka perlukan studi mengenai apakah memang ada dampak kesehatan yang bisa menjadi pada kesehatan pengguna briket batubara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pajanan di udara tempat kerja dengan keluhan pernafasan kronik pekerja pengguna kompor briket batubara di UKM. Penelitian dengan disain cross sectional ini dilakukan terhadap data mer hasil kuesioner dan pemeriksaan Hsik pekerja serta hasil pengukuran man di udara tempat kerja. Pajanan yang diukur meliputi debu total, NO2, Benzen, Cd dan Mn. §ampeI penelitian terdiri dari 61 responden pada mpok siudi dan 61 responden pada kelompok kontrol. Kelompok Studi ah pekerja pengguna briket batubara dan kelompok Kontrol adalah pekerja yguna bahan bakar lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda analisis oendent Sampel t test untuk variabel berskala numerik dan Chi Square untuk bel berskala kategorik.Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna baik ajanan di udara tempat kerja maupun proporsi pekerja yang menderita keluhan amafasan kronik antara kelompok Studi dan kelompok Kontrol. Dan hampir emua parameter tidak ada yang melampaui NAB menurut ACGIH kecuali enzen di kelompok Kontrol. Dengan keterbatasan dari penelitian maka belum apat disimpulkan bahwa pengunaan briket batubara tidak menimbulkan dampak egatif terhadap sistem pernafasan pekeria. Untuk itu maka perlu dilakukan enelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain Kohort dan untuk semua jenis briket batubara yang ada.

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The Indonesian government has determined a policy of using coal briquettes as alternative fuel. With the raising using it. government need information about health effects associated with the use of coal briquettes. The active of this study is to know worker's health effects to the respiratory symptoms of workers associated with using coat briquettes fuel ln small industries. The study design used in this study is cross sectional using primary resource of data resulting questioner, physical examination and measurement the =l of exposure in the workplace. The study exposure include all dust, NO2, ¢, Benzen_ Cd and Mn. The sampel consists of 61 responden from study rp and 61 respondent from control group. The study are worker's use of coal Jettees and control are worker‘s did not use it. The analysis method used in study is independent sampel t test for variable with scale of numeric and Chi are for variable with scale of categorize.

Result of the study showed that there was no significant difference of exposure been study group with control group and proportion the respiratory symptoms workers was also no significant difference. All exposure below threshold limit ilues (TLVs) in the study. The study not result yet that the respiratory smptoms of worker's associated with using coal briquettes fuel in small industries. The suggests to continuous study with the kohort study and for all type of coal briquettes."

"The first section of Functional respiratory disorders : when respiratory symptoms do not respond to pulmonary treatment will help clinicians recognize functional respiratory symptoms that can arise as a result of both organic and psychological causes. The second section of this book provides detailed discussions of such disorders, links to video examples of laryngoscopic evaluation of patients with vocal cord issues, case studies and quizzes. Examples and exercises that should strengthen the clinician’s confidence in identifying and treating these functional conditions are also provided. Finally, the third section of the book will help the clinician differentiate the patients for whom referral to a mental health provider is mandatory from those for whom other approaches may be useful. For the latter group, the book teaches clinicians to empower themselves by learning how to incorporate various therapies for functional disorders into their practice, including biofeedback, breathing techniques, basic cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, and hypnosis. Links are provided to instructive video examples of biofeedback, hypnosis, and speech therapy. Practical strategies for obtaining training in these modalities are provided in the appendix. "

"This popular book covers the “how-to” of the respiratory care of newborns in outline format. It includes case studies for self-review and is illustrated with high quality radiographic images, figures, tables, and algorithms. Written and edited by international experts, the Third Edition is a thorough update and remains a convenient source of practical information on respiratory physiology, exam techniques, tips for performing procedures, radiography, ventilation, pain management, transport, and discharge planning.·Up-to-date clinical information from world experts.·Case studies.·Easy-to-consult outline format.·Condensed information about all of the major mechanical ventilators (e.g., modes, displays, and alarms)."