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"Kecelakaan merupakan masalah yang kerap terjadi pada penambangan emas, khususnya di penambangan emas bawah tanah (underground mining). Adapun beberapa faktor penyebab dari masalah tersebut yaitu faktor manusia, faktor situasional, faktor lingkungan, konstruksi dan peralatan. Kegiatan penambangan memiliki dampak secara langsung terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar. Hal ini akan berperan penting dalam menurunkan resiko adanya gangguan terhadap operasi perusahaan.Sementara itu resiko kegagalan penanganan lingkungan akibat kecelakaan atau miss manajemen dapat menyebabkan kerugian serta memerlukan biaya yang tinggi dalam mitigasinya. Oleh karena itu penerapan Safety Management sangat penting diterapkan agar resiko kecelakaan tersebut dapat diminimalisir sesuai dengan target manajemen yaitu keselamatan dan zero accident. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah untuk mempelajari penerapan Safety Management pada penambangan emas, yaitu melalui pendekatan resiko untuk memenuhi standard ISO 14000 dan OHSAS 18001.Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus pada proses penambangan di Unit Pertambangan Emas Pongkor-Jawa Barat. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan alat bantu Analisa Tabel Resiko, AHP (Analitycal Hirerarchy Process) dimana akan didapat penyebab dominan dari peristiwa resiko yang tingkatan level resikonya High dan Ekstreme. Dari hasil penyebab yang dominan dilakukan tindakan respon resiko yaitu berupa tindakan preventive dan corrective, setelah itu dibuat rencana pengelolaan Safety Management terhadap resiko tersebut.Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah faktor penyebab terjadinya resiko paling banyak disebabakan karena faktor manusia. Berdasarkan kajian penerapan Safety Management yang telah dilakukan yang mengacu kepada OHSAS 18001 dan Kepmen Nomor 555.K / 26 / M.PE / 1995 Tentang Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Pertambangan Umum, ternyata penerapan Safety Manaagement pada pertambangan emas Pongkor ini belum dilakukan secara efektif, dari hal tersebut didapat rencana pengelolaan Safety Management terhadap resiko kecelakaan.

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Accidents are problems that often occur at gold mines, especially underground mining. Several factors contribute to those problems such as human factor, situational factor, environment factor, construction and equipment factor. Mining activities posses direct impact on surrounding environment and society. This plays an important role in reducing risks of company operational process.Meanwhile risk of bad environment management due to accident or miss management can cause damage and the occurrence mitigation cost. Thus the implementation of Safety Management is very important to be applied so that accident cost can be subdued based on management target safety and zero accident. Analysis is conducted in order to study the implementation of Safety Management on gold mining, through risk to fulfill ISO 14000 and OHSAS 18001 standards approach.The applied method is study case on mining process on Pongkor Gold Mining Business Unit?West Java. Data is evaluated through Risk Analysis tools such as matrix, AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) which a identification process will be conducted to recognize the source of occurred accident and the dominant cause of Safety Management implementation by using risk approach. Out of those identification results, risks which will likely to occur are to be recognized and further responses to those risks.The outcome of this research is that the most dominant factor in causing risks is human factor. Derived from the review over implementation of Safety Management that has been applied which is based on OHSAS 18001 and Kepmen No. 555.K/26/M.PE/1995 about General Work Safety and Health in Mining, we concluded that the implementation of Safety Management on Pongkor Gold Mine has not been applied effectively, and further Safety Management planning over accident risk can be constructed derived from that fact."

"Data ILO 2 juta pekerja meninggal per tahun. 2021 ada 234 ribu kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia. Industri kimia 12% dari2 019-2021 kecelakaan kerja 80.607 kasus.Program Behavior-based safety (BBS) yaitu pendekatan keselamatan berdasarkan perilaku manusia. Pendekatan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, keterlibatan, tanggung jawab karyawan menciptakan lingkungan kerja aman. program BBS di perusahaan apakah mampu meningkatkan tingkat kepatuhan karyawan, serta merubah perilaku keselamatan kerja. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif jenis studi cross sectional. Data yang dikumpulkan memberikan gambaran hubungan antara variabel. Desain penelitian cross-sectional digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data mengenai program Behavior Based Safety (BBS), tingkat kepatuhan terhadap perilaku keselamatan kerja, dan perilaku keselamatan kerja di PT. X pada satu titik waktu tertentu. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh respondenVariasi nilai tingkat kepatuhan mampu dijelaskan oleh variasi nilai program BBS sebesar 14,3%,sedangkan sisanya 85.7% dijelaskan oleh variasi variabel lain di luar model penelitian. Variasi nilai Perilaku keselamatan kerja karyawan mampu dijelaskan oleh variasi nilai Program BBS dan Tingkat kepatuhan sebesar 49.6%, sedangkan sisanya 50.4% dijelaskan oleh variasi variabel lain di luar model penelitian terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan Program BBS terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan. Ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara Program BBS terhadap Perilaku Keselamatan Kerja. Ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara Tingkat Kepatuhan terhadap Perilaku Keselamatan. Hubungan Program BBS terhadap Perilaku keselamatan kerja bersifat pengaruh langsung. Oleh karena itu, variabel intervening Tingkat Kepatuhan tidak memediasi hubungan Program BBS terhadap Perilaku Keselamatan Kerja.

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According to ILO data, 2 million workers die per year. In 2021 there will be 234 thousand work accidents in Indonesia. Chemical industry 12% from 2019-2021 work accidents 80,607 cases. Behavior-based safety (BBS) program, namely a safety approach based on human behavior. An approach to increasing employee awareness, involvement, and responsibility creates a safe work environment. Whether the BBS program in the company is able to increase employee compliance levels and change work safety behavior. The research was carried out using quantitative research methods, a type of cross sectional study. The data collected provides an overview of the relationship between variables. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect data regarding the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program, the level of compliance with work safety behavior, and work safety behavior at PT. X at a certain point in time. Data were collected through questionnaires filled out by respondents. Variations in compliance level values were able to be explained by variations in BBS program values of 14.3%, while the remaining 85.7% were explained by variations in other variables outside the research model. Variations in employee safety behavior values can be explained by variations in BBS Program values and compliance levels of 49.6%, while the remaining 50.4% are explained by variations in other variables outside the research model. There is a positive and significant relationship between the BBS Program and Compliance Levels. There is a positive and significant relationship between the BBS Program and Work Safety Behavior. There is a positive and significant relationship between the level of compliance and safety behavior. The relationship between the BBS Program and work safety behavior has a direct influence. Therefore, the intervening variable Compliance Level does not mediate the relationship between the BBS Program and Work Safety Behavior"

"Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Pekerja SPG di Pusat Perbelanjaan X kota Depok yang merupakan pekerja berisiko tinggi mengalami CTDs, karena dalam melakukan pekerjaannya sehari-hari lebih banyak dituntut untuk berdiri dan bergerak aktif serta diwajibkan menggunakan sepatu hak tinggi. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ialah untuk menjelaskan tingkat risiko ergonomi khususnya keluhan subjektif CTDs yang dialami pekerja SPG pusat perbelanjaan X kota Depok, tahun 2012. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan Nordic Body Map bagian tubuh pekerja yang paling banyak mengalami gejala CTDs adalah betis (83,33%) dan kaki (56,67%). Sedangkan hasil penilaian risiko berdasarkan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) diperoleh 2 aktivitas yang memiliki kategori tingkat risiko sangat tinggi yaitu aktivitas merapihkan produk di rak dan aktivitas memeriksa stok produk. Serta aktivitas dengan kategori risiko tinggi yaitu menulis pembukuan dengan posisi membungkuk tanpa menggunakan meja dan merapihkan produk di keranjang. Tindakan pengendalian yang dilakukan untuk risiko sangat tinggi yaitu dengan melakukan perubahan pada seluruh aplikasi kerja, sedangkan untuk risiko tinggi dilakukan pengendalian dengan investigasi dan perubahan pada postur kerja serta lingkungan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi tingkat risiko tersebut yaitu dengan menyesuaikan tinggi meja sesuai abtropometri pekerja, mengubah desain lay out, menggunakan sepatu yang flat.

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The research was conducted on workers Sales Promotion Girl at X Shopping Center Depok City, which is a high risk of CTDs workers, because in doing their daily work more lots are required to stand up and move on and be required to use high heels.

The purpose of the study was to describe the level of ergonomic risk particularly subjective complaints CTDs experienced SPG workers at X shopping center Depok city, in 2012.

The results based on Nordic Body Map Body parts most workers experience symptoms CTDs are calves (83.33%) and leg (56.67%). While the results of the risk assessment method based Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) obtained two activities that have a very high degree of risk categories, namely activity after finish the product on the shelves and the activity of checking product stock. And activities with a high risk category are writing books with bent position without the use of tables and after finish products in the basket.

Control measures are carried out to a very high risk that is by making changes to the whole working application, whereas for high risk control with the investigation conducted and changes in working posture and the environment. Efforts can be made ​​to reduce the level of risk that is appropriate to adjust the table height antrophometry workers, changing the lay out design, using a flat shoe."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan pada penjahit sektor informal di Kecamatan Cileungsi yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tingkat risiko ergonomi terhadap kejadian CTDs yang dialami pekerja. CTDs disebabkan adanya adanya postur janggal, postur statis dan gerakan repetitif. Penilaian risiko pekerjaan menggunakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan diperoleh 4 aktivitas yang memiliki tingkat risiko sedang yaitu aktivitas menggunting, menjahit, memasang kancing dan menyetrika. Tindakan pengendalian yang dilakukan yaitu investigasi lebih lanjut dan perubahan segera. Gambaran keluhan subjektif CTDs pada penjahit menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map dan didapatkan 78.3% keluhan terjadi pada pinggang, 65.2% pada punggung dan bokong, 56.5% pada leher atas, serta 52.2% pada pergelangan tangan kanan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi tingkat risiko tersebut yaitu dengan menyesuaikan tinggi meja dengan tinggi pekerja, menggunakan kursi yang memiliki sandaran, mengurangi jam kerja menjadi 8 jam/hari serta rutin melakukan peregangan otot.

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The research was conducted in the informal sector tailors at Cileungsi which aims to explain the level of ergonomic risk for CTDs events experienced workers. CTDs is caused by awkward postures, static postures and repetitive movements. Occupational risk assessment using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and acquired four activity that has a medium risk of being the activity of cutting, sewing, buttoning and ironing. The control measures undertaken further investigation and change soon. Preview of CTDs subjective complaints on tailors using questionnaires Nordic Body Map and showed that 78.3% of complaints occurred on the waist, 65.2% on the back and buttocks, 56.5% on the upper neck, and 52.2% on the right wrist. Efforts can be made to reduce the level of risk is to adjust the height of the table with high labor, use a chair that has a back rest, reduce working hours to 8 hours/day and stretching routine."

"The sixth edition of this popular handbook provides a thorough and up-to-date overview of the occupational safety and health field and the issues safety professionals face today, and does so in an accessible and engaging manner."

"Tesis ini mcmbahas penerapan SMK3 di cnam KKKS migas di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 dcngan mengacu standard yang bersi£at univcrsila yaitu OHSAS l800l : 2007. Pcnclitian ini adalah penelitian kunlitatif dengan dcsain dcskriplif komparasi. Hasil pcnclilian menunjuldwn bahwa scmua KKKS telah menerapkan SMK3 dalam opemsional perusahaannya dalam upnya penccgahan kecelakaan. Scmua KKKSte1ah mcncrapkan SMK3 dengnn baik sesuai OHSAS |8001 : 2007. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai prcsentasi pemenuhan 5 (lima) KKKS diatas 85% dan hanya I KKKS yang pcncapaiannya 83%. Aspck budaya dun sejarah suatu negara mcnjadi salah satu faktor yang mcmpengaruhi penerapan SMK3 di KKKS. Disarankan untuk mcningkatkan penerapan SMK3 maka scmua SMK3 hams disusun berdasarkan sistcmatika proses Manajcmcn dan anlar elemen hams saling terkait.

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This thesis evaluate the lmplernentation of Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) at six oil and gas company at Indonesia in 2010 refer to OHSAS 18001: 2007, which is one of universal OHSMS Standard. This rmeareh is a qualitative descriptive comparisons. Ther results showed that all companies have been applied OHSMS in his company operation in efforts lo prcvcnl accidents. OHSMS Company's have applied in accordance OHSAS 18001: 2007. This is shown from thc presentation iirliillment 5 (five) companies above 85% and the only one who has achieved 83%. Cultural and historical aspects of a country become one of the factors that affect the application in OHSMS in companies. The Researcher suggests that to improve implementation of OHSMS, ai! companies should be prepared OHSMS based on the systematic management process and between elements should be linked."

"The serious nature of cardiovascular adverse drug reactions occurring in patients makes assessment of a drug's cardiac safety profile a high priority during both development and post-approval monitoring. Integrated Cardiac Safety provides necessary guidance and methodology for professionals assessing cardiac safety of drugs throughout all stages of the drug's life, from discovery and development through postmarketing research. The integrated approach to cardiac safety presented by Turner and Durham should be of interest and value to all concerned with the drug discovery, development, marketing, and surveillance phases of the pharmaceutical endeavor. During the past two to three decades, the pharmaceutical industry has adopted a progressively more integrated approach to the drug discovery process"

"Contents : Key concepts in patient safety -- Keeping the patient safe -- Safety improvement is in professional practice -- Safety improvement is in systems -- Safety improvement is achieved within organizations -- Culture of safety in healthcare settings -- Why things go wrong -- What to do when things go wrong -- Safe patient care systems -- The use of evidence to improve safety."