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"Kerusakan ekosistem laut akibat kejadian tumpahan minyak mematikan bagi sebagian biota laut dan mengubah struktur komunitas mikroorganisme. Kelompok bakteri laut pendegradasi hidrokarbon terdeteksi meningkat jumlahnya ketika terjadi pencemaran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari konsorsium mikroorganisme yang memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi senyawa hidrokarbon dari air laut dan sedimen pasir berasal dari pesisir Teluk Jakarta, Cilincing, Jakarta Utara. Penapisan konsorsium dilakukan menggunakan medium ONR7 dengan kandungan minyak bumi 0,5% untuk memperoleh konsorsium mikroorganisme dengan kemampuan degradasi terbaik. Uji degradasi dilakukan selama 10 hari menggunakan fenantrena 100 ppm pada medium dengan yeast extract 0,1% sebagai faktor pembatas. Parameter diukur adalah OD540, TPC, aktivitas total mikroba (ATM), analisis GC-MS dan pH. Hasil menunjukkan kemampuan biodegradasi senyawa hidrokarbon tertinggi dimiliki oleh konsorsium mikroorganisme AL3 dengan persentase degradasi minyak bumi sebesar 90,37% dan terhadap fenantrena sebesar 100%, nilai OD540 dan penurunan pH paling tinggi ditemukan pada medium tanpa suplementasi yeast extract. Aktivitas total mikroba konsorsium paling besar ditemukan pada medium suplementasi. Pengujian kemampuan pada isolat tunggal penyusun konsorsium AL3 menghasilkan persentase degradasi tertinggi sebesar 56,74% oleh isolat AL3-8. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan yeast extract tidak meningkatkan persentase degradasi dan bahwa konsorsium mikroorganisme memiliki kemampuan degradasi lebih tinggi daripada isolat tunggal.......Damage of marine ecosystem due to oil spill is deadly to some of marine creatures and changed the microbial community structure. Population of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms detected increasing in number slowly after the accident. This research aim to study microbial consortia that has the ability to degrade hydrocarbon compound from oil spill-contaminated coastal area in Teluk Jakarta, Cilincing, Jakarta Utara. The ability of degrading hydrocarbon by microbial consortia was screened by using ONR7 medium containing 0,5% crude oil. Biodegradation ability was tested using 100 ppm phenanthrene to the selected consortia by using 0,1% yeast extract as limiting factor, incubation was held in 10 days. Parameter of the study was OD540, TPC, total microbial activity (TMA), GC-MS analysis and pH. Results shows microbial consortia AL3 has the highest degradation rate which is 90,37% in crude oil and 100,00% in phenanthrene, highest absorbance of OD540 and most acidic pH was found in non-supplemented medium. Highest total microbial activity of the microbial consortia detected in the supplemented medium. Biodegradation ability confirmation test of single strains from the AL3 microbial consortia shows the maximum degradation rate of 56,74% by strain AL3-8. This research reported yeast extract does not increase biodegradation rate of phenanthrene and degradation rate by microbial consortia was higher than a single strain."

"Desalination is a way to process sea water with a high salinity level, which makes water non-consumable. Various desalination technologies, such as distillation, vapor compression, and reverse osmosis, have been developed but require energy and large financial investments. Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a modified desalination technology of a microbial fuel cell that can remove salt content in water with the help of microorganisms through organic matter degradation. This research used Debaryomyces hansenii to degrade organic material in the anode chamber. The ratio of the volume chamber, the volume ratio of culture:substrate, and the volume progression of the culture and substrate were evaluated in terms of salt removal and electricity generation. This research shows that MDC using a 9:1:9 ratio of the volume chamber, a culture:substrate ratio of 2:3 (v/v), and a volume progression of the culture and substrate of 1.5 times gave the best desalination performance: a salt removal level of 55.03%"

"Current cascade solar desalination systems can convert sea water into fresh water, but they can only produce small quantities. To produce more fresh water, there is a solution that can be applied, i.e. modification of the existing desalination system by adding thermosyphons. The objective of this research is to design a cascade solar desalination system with integrated thermosyphons and to establish its ability to produce fresh water. The experimental study was conducted by adding an aluminum absorber plate as a heat absorber in the upper tub, and nine copper thermosyphons with each length of 60 cm in the bottom of the tub. Thermosyphons with an inclination angle of 15° were used as a solar energy absorber and heat enhancer for sea water. The experiment was performed with varying sea water flow rates of 3600, 7200, and 10800 mL/h, and levels of sea water in the upper tub of 2, 3, and 4 cm. To compare the amount of fresh water obtained from the utilization of the thermosyphons, we also used the cascade solar desalination system without the thermosyphons. The results show that the cascade solar desalination system with integrated thermosyphons was able to produce an average amount of fresh water of 38.6 mL/h, with an average daily thermal efficiency of 18.78%. On the other hand, the same system without the thermosyphons produced on average 9.9 mL/h of fresh water, with an average daily thermal efficiency of 8%. The results indicate that the use of thermosyphons in the cascade solar desalination system can increase fresh water productivity by up to 3.89 times, and increase the thermal efficiency of the system by up to 2.35 times."