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"Instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) yang berfungsi untuk menghilangkan kontaminan pada air limbah memiliki potensi sebagai sumber pengemisi bioaerosol ke udara. Undang-Undang RI No.44/2009 mengharuskan tiap rumah sakit untuk memiliki IPAL yang dapat berfungsi dengan baik, sehingga rumah sakit yang memiliki IPAL juga memiliki risiko pencemaran bioaerosol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kualitas udara mikrobiologis, menganalisis pengaruh faktor teknis IPAL dan parameter fisik lingkungan terhadap konsentrasi bioaerosol, dan menganalisa hubungan konsentrasi bakteri mesofilik di air limbah yang diolah dengan konsentrasi bioaerosol pada udara IPAL RSUD Budhi Asih Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel udara mikrobiologis dilakukan berpedoman pada standar AIHA menggunakan alat EMS Single Stage Bioaerosol Sampler dengan menggunakan media TSA (Oxoid, 2011) untuk bakteri mesofilik dan MEA (Oxoid, 2011) untuk jamur. Pengambilan sampel udara dilakukan di lima titik secara triplo sementara sampel air limbah diambil dari bak ekualisasi dan bak aerasi. Hasil pengukuran sampel udara menunjukkan bahwa udara di dalam ruang IPAL telah tercemar oleh bioaerosol dengan nilai rerata angka kuman sebesar 17.405 ± 5.116 CFU/m3 yang melebihi baku mutu yang tertera pada Kepmenkes RI No.1045/2002 yaitu 700 CFU/m3. Faktor teknis yang dapat mempengaruhi diantara lain adalah jenis mesin aerator yang digunakan, penggunaan exhaust fan pada sistem ventilasi ruangan, dan variasi debit air limbah yang diolah. Sementara parameter fisik lingkungan seperti temperatur dan kelembaban relatif dapat mempengaruhi kondisi optimum pertumbuhan mikroorgnisme di udara. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi bakteri mesofilik di udara dan air limbah diuji secara statistik dengan perhitungan statistik parametris korelasi pearson product moment. Uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan berbanding lurus yang kuat diantara keduanya dengan nilai korelasi pada bak ekualisasi dan aerasi berturut-turut sebesar +0,808 dan +0,659. Pencegahan pencemaran bioaerosol di IPAL dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan aerator yang menghasilkan gelembung udara yang lebih kecil dan menutup area bukaan unit yang terbuka sehingga luas paparan air limbah dapat dikurangi.......Waste water treatment plant (WWTP) that is made to eliminate contaminants in wastewater has the potential as a source of bioaerosol emission. Undang-Undang RI No.44/2009 states that every hospital must have a functional WWTP, so any hospital that has a WWTP also has a risk of bioaerosol pollution. The purposes of this research is to identifiy the microbiological air quality, analize the effect of technical factors as well as environmental parametres, and analyze the correlation between mesophilic bacteria found in wastewater and the air of WWTP in RSUD Budhi Asih Jakarta. The collection of air samples performed by using AIHA Standard with EMS Single Stage Bioaerosol Sampler and TSA and MEA medium (Oxoid, 2011) as a growth media for mesophilic bacteria and fungi, respectively. Air samples are taken from five points while wastewater samples come from equalization and aeration basin. Air samples measurement show that air quality in WWTP room has been polluted by bioaerosol with bacterial value average worth 17.405 ± 5.116 CFU/m3 that exceeds the standard stated in Kepmenkes RI No.1045/2002 which is 700 CFU/m3. Technical factors that can affect bioaerosol are the type of aerator utilized, the use of room ventilation system, and wastewater flow variations. Meanwhile environmental parameters such as room temperature and relative humidity can affect the optimum condition for microbiological growth in air. Mesophilic bacteria concentrations in the air and wastewater is tested statistically by using parametric statistical method which is a pearson product moment correlation. The correlation test shows there is a strong correlation between the two parameters tested, with correlation value in equalization and aeration basin respectively are +0,808 and +0,659. The prevention of bioaerosol pollution in WWTP can be done by using an aerator that produces smaller air bubble and covering the open spaces of WWTP?s units so that the exposure area of wastewater can be minimized."

"Methods of treatment in which the application of physical forces are known as operation units. Methods of treatment in which the removal of contaminants which is brought by chemical or biological processes are known as unit processes. At the present time, unit operations and processes are grouped together to provide what is known as primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.In primary treatment, physical operations such as screebing and sedimentation are used to remove the floating and settleable solids from the wastewater. In secondary treatment, chemical and biological processes are used to remove most of organics matter. In tertiary treatment, the combination of unit operations and processes are used to remove other constituents, such as nitrogen and phoshphorus, which are not removed by secondary treatment.The hospital's wastewater has a specific characteristic that is the infectious wastewater. The phosphorus contain in Sleman's Public Hospital wastewater is larger than the maximum standard, so it need tertiary treatment adding on the Sleman's Public Hospital wastewater plant treatment. "

"Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu fasilitas kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan obat-obatan, antibiotik, dan bahan kimia. Hal tersebut menyebabkan air limbah yang dihasilkan cenderung bersifat infeksius sehingga diperlukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu agar memenuhi baku mutu yang ditetapkan dalam Pergub DKI Jakarta No. 69 Tahun 2013. Namun, IPAL juga dapat menjadi sumber pencemaran lain, berupa pencemaran udara mikrobiologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi bakteri dan fungi akibat keberadaan IPAL serta menganalisis jeni bakteri yang ada melalui pewarnaan Gram. Pengambilan sampel udara menggunakan alat EMS E6 sesuai pedoman AIHA. Hasil pengukuran menunjukan konsentrasi rata-rata bioaerosol pada IPAL rumah sakit sekitar 1.100-3.200 CFU/m3 untuk bakteri dan 1.500-2.700 CFU/m3 untuk fungi dengan konsentrasi bakteri dan fungi tertinggi pada bak ekualisasi, sekitar 3.200 CFU/m3, dan pada bak aerasi, sekitar 2.680 CFU/m3. Hasil tersebut telah melebihi nilai background, yaitu 80 CFU/m3 untuk bakteri dan 440 CFU/m3 untuk fungi. Tingginya konsentrasi bioaerosol dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor teknis IPAL maupun lingkungan disekitarnya. Selain itu, hasil pewarnaan Gram menunjukan 94% merupakan bakteri Gram negatif yang cenderung bersifat patogen. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan upaya pencegahan paparan bioaerosol bagi kesehatan maupun lingkungan, seperti mengisolasi IPAL dengan membangun dinding beton dan ventilasi, pemilihan teknologi unit pengolahan yang digunakan, dan penggunaan APD untuk pekerja di IPAL.

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Hospital is one of health facilities associated to drugs, antibiotics, and chemicals. Those cause wastewater tends to be infectious so that must be processed to comply with the quality standard based on DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 65 of 2013. However, WWTP can also be other sources of pollution, such as microbiology air pollution. The objective of this research are to determine bacteria and fungi concentration due to the presence of the WWTP and to analyze the types of bacteria that exist through Gram staining. Microbial air samples were taken by using EMS E6 according to AIHA guideline. The measurements showed that the average of bioaerosol concentration at hospital WWTP about 1.100-3.200 CFU/m3 for bacteria and 1.500-2.700 CFU/m3 for fungi, with the highest concentration of bacteria and fungi is found in equalization tank, about 3.200 CFU/m3, and aeration tank, about 2.680 CFU/m3. These results exceed the background value, about 80 CFU/m3 for bacteria and 440 CFU/m3 for fungi. The high concentration of bioaerosol can be affected by technical factors of WWTP and the surrounding area. Identification of Gram staining showed that 94% of bacteria found are Gram-negative that tend to be pathogenic. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent bioaerosol exposure to health and the surrounding environment, such as to build concrete walls and ventilation which surround WWTP, to specify technology of treatment plant used, and the use of PPE for workers at WWTP."