ABSTRAK
Nama : Rachmawati Ayu Azhariya
Program Studi : Magister Kedokteran Kerja, FKUI
Judul: Pengaruh Stres Kerja Berat Terhadap Kecenderungan Gangguan
Mental Emosional Pada Staf Manajerial Perusahaan Penanaman
Modal Asing
Latar belakang
Staf manajerial merupakan aset krusial sebuah Perusahaan karena peranannya dalam memimpin, mengatur, merencanakan dan mengelola sumber daya guna mencapai tujuan Perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, staf manajerial diharapkan sehat baik secara fisik, mental dan sosial.
Tujuan
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional pada staf manajerial.
Metode
Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016 di Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing di Jawa Barat menggunakan metode comparative cross sectional. Stres kerja diukur dengan kuesioner Suvei Diagnosis Stres (SDS) sedangkan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional dinilai dengan kuesioner Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90). Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini adalah 105 orang yang terlebih dahulu diminta mengisi kuesioner stres kerja. Kemudian untuk menilai kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional, sebanyak 30 responden dipilih secara acak dari masing-masing kelompok stres kerja ringan-sedang dan stres kerja berat dan diminta mengisi kuesioner SCL-90.
Hasil
Prevalensi stres kerja berat pada karyawan manajerial adalah sebesar 35,2%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 47; 95% CI 7,37-300,17; p<0,001). Komponen stresor kerja yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan gangguan mental emosional adalah beban kerja kualitatif (OR 10,67; 95%CI 1,03–109,94; p 0,047) dan perkembangan karir (OR 10,83; 95%CI 1,03–114,15; p 0,047). Pendidikan merupakan faktor individu yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 0,17; 95% CI 0,03-0,83; p 0,029). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor pekerjaan terhadap terjadinya kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional.
Kata kunci: stres kerja, gangguan mental emosional, manajer
ABSTRACT
Name : Rachmawati Ayu Azhariya
Study Program: Postgraduate program on Occupational Medicine,
Universitas Indonesia
Title : Association of Severe Occupational Stress with Mental Emotional
Disorder Tendency among Managerial Staff at a Foreign Cooperation
Background
Managerial staff are a crucial asset for their role in lead, organize, plan and manage resources to achieve the Company's objectives. Therefore, managerial staff are expected to be healthy physically, mentally and socially.
Objective
This study aims to determine the relationship of severe occupational stress with mental emotional disorder tendency among managerial staff.
Method
This study used a comparative cross-sectional design. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of mental emotional disorder tendency in both group with mild-moderate and severe occupational stress. Based on the sample calculation, required respondents from each group are 30 people. Previously, a descriptive study was conducted to sort the respondents into mild-moderate and severe occupational stress. A total of 105 respondents were randomly selected from the total population of 220 people. Respondents were asked to do self-rating survey with SDS (Stress Diagnostic Survey) questionnaire which assess the occupational stress. Furthermore, 30 respondents were randomly selected from each group of mild-moderate and severe occupational stress to assess the tendency of mental emotional disorder. Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire was used to measure the tendency of mental emotional disorders.
Result
The prevalence of severe occupational stress on managerial staff is 35.2%. There was a significant association between severe occupational stress with the tendency of mental emotional disorder (OR 47; 95% CI 7.37-300.17; p <0.001). Components of occupational stressors which statistically significant with mental emotional disorder is the qualitative workload (OR 10.67; 95% CI 1.03-109.94; p 0.047) and career development (OR 10.83; 95% CI 1.03 -114.15; p 0.047). Education is the individual factor statistically significant against the tendency of mental emotional disorder (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.83; p 0.029). There was no significant relationship between work factors with the tendency of mental emotional disorder.
Keyword: occupational stress, mental emotional disorder, manager.
Anak usia remaja sangat rentan mengalami gangguan, diantaranya pola hidup yang tidak teratur, behavior, pertumbuhan fisik dan psikis. Peranan aktifitas fisik atau olahraga menjadi sarana untuk mencegah anak usia remaja dari pengaruh negatif. Akan tetapi aktivitas olahraga ini tidak dilakukan secara teratur dan durasinya sangat singkat baik dilingkungan sekolah maupun dilingkungan sekitarnya. Olahraga disekolah cenderung lebih singkat. Saat ini, banyak anak usia remaja melakukan kegiatan olahraga permainan Futsal. Olahraga futsal bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani, neuroplastisitas. Akan tetapi olahraga futsal juga dapat memengaruhi terhadap stres fisik dan stres oksidatif. Desain pre-post test pada anak usia remaja 13-15 tahun. Subjek penelitian 27 orang (tidak biasa bermain futsal) dibagi secara acak kedalam 3 kelompok perlakuan, frekuensi olahraga (FO) 1x, 3x dan 5x perminggu. Tahap awal penelitian persiapan olahraga futsal dan pengambilan data parameter, tahap perlakuan olahraga futsal selama 8 minggu dan tahap terakhir pengambilan data paramater dilakukan 1 hari setelah perlakuan. Penelitian ini sudah lolos kaji etik dari Komisi Etik FKUI. Kebugaran jasmani ditemukan meningkat secara bermakna pada FO3 dan FO5. Atensi dan memori ditemukan peningkatan pada FO1, FO3 dan FO5. Peningkatan BDNF hanya ditemukan pada kelompok FO3. IGF-1 ditemukan meningkat secara bermakna pada kelompok FO1, FO3 dan FO5. Peningkatan kadar Kortisol dan MDA hanya ditemukan pada kelompok FO5. Hasil penelitian ditemukan olahraga yang optimal dan aman pada anak usia remaja yaitu frekuensi olahraga futsal 3 kali perminggu dibandingkan olahraga futsal 1 kali dan 5 kali terhadap kebugaran jasmani, neuroplastisitas, stres fisik dan stres oksidatif pada anak usia remaja.
Adolescents are susceptible to disorders, including unconventional lifestyle, behavior, physical and psychological growth. The role of physical activity or sports becomes a means to prevent adolescent children from negative influences. However, this sporting activity is not taken out regularly, and the duration is very short both in the school and the enclosing circumstances. Sports at school tend to be shorter. At present, many teenagers do Futsal sports. Futsal exercise is useful for improving physical fitness, neuroplasticity. However, futsal can also affect physical stress and oxidative stress-pre-post test design in adolescents aged 13-15 years. The research subjects were 27 people (unusual for playing futsal) divided randomly into three treatment groups, exercise frequency (FO) 1x, 3x, and 5x per week. The initial stage of the research is preparation for futsal and parameter data collection, the stage of treatment for futsal for eight weeks, and the last stage of data taking post parameters, one day after treatment. This research has passed the ethical review of the FKUI Ethics Commission. Physical fitness normally found to increase significantly at FO3 and FO5. Attention and memory are found to increase in FO1, FO3, and FO5. Surprisingly, BDNF was only detected in only the FO3 group. IGF-1 was found to increase significantly in the FO1, FO3, and FO5 groups. Increased levels of Cortisol and MDA was simply observed in the FO5 group. The results of the study found optimal and safe exercise in adolescents, namely the frequency of futsal exercise 3 times a week compared to futsal one times and five times for physical fitness, neuroplasticity, physical stress and oxidative stress in adolescents.