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"The efficiency and reliability of manufactured products depend on, among other things, geometrical aspects; it is therefore not surprising that optimal shape design problems have attracted the interest of applied mathematicians and engineers. This self-contained, elementary introduction to the mathematical and computational aspects of sizing and shape optimization enables readers to gain a firm understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects so they may confidently enter this field. In contrast to existing texts on structural optimization, Introduction to Shape Optimization: Theory, Approximation, and Computation treats sizing and shape optimization in a comprehensive way, covering everything from mathematical theory (existence analysis, discretizations, and convergence analysis for discretized problems) through computational aspects (sensitivity analysis, numerical minimization methods) to industrial applications. Some of the applications included are contact stress minimization for elasto-plastic bodies, multidisciplinary optimization of an airfoil, and shape optimization of a dividing tube. By presenting sizing and shape optimization in an abstract way, the authors are able to use a unified approach in the mathematical analysis for a large class of optimization problems in various fields of physics."

"Biaya baja lambung adalah sekitar 20% dari total biaya kapal (design of ship hull structure). Meminimalkan penggunaan material dengan proses optimasi dengan tetap menjaga standar aturan kelas dapat berdampak keuntungan besar baik dari produksi maupun operasional kapal. Optimasi struktur dilakukan yaitu optimasi jumlah dan jenis stiffener dengan metode upgrade. Metode optimasi ini mendefinisikan jenis stiffener sebagai suatu variable diskrit. Dan nantinya stiffener ini nantinya akan dipilih dan disusun agar memenuhi batas minimal yield strength. Sedangkan untuk jumlah stiffener ditentukan sejak awal sehingga proses optimasi akan dilakukan berulang. Kemudian hasil optimasi dengan jumlah stiffener pertama akan dibandingkan dengan hasil optimasi dengan jumlah stiffener selanjutnya yang nantinya akan dipilih hasil optimasi paling optimal. 9 kondisi pembebanan yang disimulasikan semua hasil optimasi paling optimal pada 3 stiffener atau dengan jarak antar stiffener 750 mm kecuali pada kondisi pembebanan 4 dimana hasil optimal ditunjukan pada stiffener berjumlah 4 atau jarak antar stiffener 600 mm......The cost of hull steel is about 20% of the total cost of the ship (design of ship hull structure). Minimizing the use of materials by optimizing the process while maintaining the standard of class rules can have a huge impact on both production and ship operations. The optimization of the structure is carried out by optimizing the number and type of stiffeners with the upgrade method. This optimization method defines the stiffener type as a discrete variable. And later this stiffener will be selected and arranged to meet the minimum yield strength limit. Meanwhile, the number of stiffeners is determined from the beginning so that the optimization process will be repeated. Then the optimization results with the first number of stiffeners will be compared with the optimization results with the next number of stiffeners which will then choose the most optimal optimization results. 9 loading conditions that are simulated are all optimally optimized for 3 stiffeners or with a distance between stiffeners of 750 mm except for loading conditions of 4 where the optimal results are shown in 4 stiffeners or 600 mm distance between stiffeners."

"The book covers the theory of Michell structures being the lightest and fully stressed systems of bars, designed within a given domain, possibly within the whole space, transmitting a given load towards a given support. Discovered already in 1904 by A.G.M. Michell, the structures named after him have attracted constant attention due to their peculiar feature of disclosing the optimal streams of stresses equilibrating a given load and thus determining the optimal layout of bars. The optimal layouts emerge from among all possible structural topologies, thus constituting unique designs being simultaneously light and stiff. The optimal structures turn out to be embedded in optimal vector fields covering the whole feasible domain. Key features include: a variationally consistent theory of bar systems, thin plates in bending and membrane shells; recapitulation of the theory of optimum design of trusses of minimum weight or of minimal compliance; the basis of 2D Michell theory for a single load case; kinematic and static approaches; 2D benchmark constructions including Hemp’s structures and optimal cantilevers; L-shape domain problems, three forces problem in 2D, bridge problems; revisiting the old - and delivering new - 3D benchmark solutions; extension to multiple load conditions; Prager-Rozvany grillages; the theory of funiculars and archgrids; the methods of optimum design of shape and material inspired by the theory of Michell structures, industrial applications.The book can be useful for graduate students, professional engineers and researchers specializing in the Optimum Design and in Topology Optimization in general."