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"Tingginya laju pertumbuhan penduduk Kecamatan Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor sebesar 4,63% per tahun, perlu diimbangi dengan peningkatan kapasitas penyediaan layanan air minum guna memenuhi peningkatan kebutuhan air minum masyarakat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan peningkatan kapasitas Instalasi Pengolahan Air Cibinong (IPA Cibinong) melalui evaluasi dan pengembangan (uprating). Kondisi eksisting IPA Cibinong PDAM Tirta Kahuripan Kabupaten Bogor, berkapasitas 330 L/detik memiliki dua WTP yaitu, WTP 1 kapasitas 100 L/detik dan WTP 2 kapasitas 230 L/detik. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk WTP 2 karena memiliki potensi peningkatan kapasitas produksi. Evaluasi dilakukan pada unit intake, koagulasi, flokulasi, sedimentasi, filtrasi, dan reservoir berdasarkan kriteria desain. Hasil evaluasi menghasilkan kapasitas maksimum WTP 2 sebesar 345 L/detik. Evaluasi juga memperhatikan kualitas air baku dan air produksi. Kualitas air produksi yang diuji memenuhi PERMENKES 492/2010. Hasil evaluasi dijadikan acuan uprating atau peningkatan kapasitas produksi WTP 1 menjadi sama dengan kapasitas WTP 2 setelah evaluasi. Dari evaluasi dan uprating kapasitas produksi IPA Cibinong meningkat dari semula 330 L/detik menjadi 690 L/detik. Jika dikaitkan hasil proyeksi jumlah penduduk dan kebutuhan air, kapasitas eksisting 330 L/detik dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air sampai tahun 2014. Sedangkan kapasitas hasil evaluasi dan uprating sebesar 690 L/detik mampu memenuhi kebutuhan air daerah layanan sampai tahun 2020.

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The high rate of population growth Cibinong Subdistrict, Bogor Regency by 4,63% per years, needs to be balanced with the increased capacity of water supplier in order to meet the increasing demands of the public drinking water. Accordingly, this research aims to increase capacity Cibinong Water Treatment Plant (WTP Cibinong) through the evaluation and uprating. WTP Cibinong with 330 L/s capacity consist of WTP 1 capacity 100 L/s and WTP 2 capacity 230 L/s. Evaluation will be conducted for WTP 2 because it has the production capacity increasing. Evaluation start from intake, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and reservoired units based on design criteria.

Evaluation result from WTP 2 has a maximum capacity of 345 L/s. The evaluation also concerned about the quality of 'raw water' and 'production water'. The quality of water production was conduct under the PERMENKES 492/2010. The result from evaluation used as reference for uprating or increasing WTP 1 production in order to equal with WTP 2. Evaluation and uprating will increase production capacity WTP Cibinong from 330 L/s to 690 L/s. Associated with population projection, the existing condition able to fulfill water demands until 2014, while the result of evaluation and uprating will be able to fulfill water demands until 2020."

"Rencana Pengembangan Lapangan Migas Terbatas di Blok Tonga oleh PT. Energi Mega Persada Tonga menyebabkan penambahan produksi minyak bumi menjadi1.700 barel minyak per hari. Meningkatnya produksi minyak bumi akan diikuti oleh jumlah produced water yang semakin besar pula mencapai 4.000 barel air per hari. Oleh karena itu, muncul pilihan untuk mendaur ulang produced water menjadi air bersih yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan nonpotable operasional lapangan seperti flushing toilet, pengairan taman, pencucian alat dan kendaraan. Berdasarkan uji laboratorium dan analisis data sekunder (untuk parameter BOD) didapatkan kualitas produced water dari unit pengolahan eksisting sebagai berikut : BOD 39,46 mg/L ; COD 48 mg/L ; TSS 15 mg/L; TDS 84,1 mg/L; Ammonia 0,06 mg/L ; Phenol < 0,001 mg/L; Sulfida 0,01 mg/L; Pb < 0,023 mg/L; Zn < 0,006 mg/L; Cu < 0,006 mg/L; serta minyak dan lemak sebesar < 1,13 mg/L. Alternatif teknologi daur ulang yang dianalisis meliputi pengolahan dengan chemical precipitation, pengolahan membran dengan reverse osmosis, dan pengolahan biologis dengan fitoremediasi wetland menggunakan tanaman akar wangi. Target kualitas air daur ulang mengacu pada Peraturan Pemerintah No.82 tahun 2001 peruntukkan air kelas 2. Pemilihan teknologi pengolahan lanjutan produced water dilakukan dengan metode pembobotan yang memperhitungkan parameter removal kontaminan dan biaya, serta mempertimbangkan luasan lahan yang diperlukan dan dampak lingkungan. Dari perhitungan yang dilakukan, unit pengolahan lanjutan yang terpilih adalah fitoremediasi wetland menggunakan tanaman akar wangi. Melalui pengolahan tersebut, didapatkan kualitas efluen berupa BOD 2,34 mg/L ; COD 4,8 mg/L ; TSS 1,5 mg/L; TDS 84,1 mg/L; Ammonia 0,06 mg/L ; Phenol 0,0007 mg/L; Sulfida 0,002 mg/L; Pb 0,0067 mg/L;Zn 0,0006 mg/L; Cu 0,0006 mg/L; serta minyak dan lemak sebesar 0,098 mg/L.Total biaya investasi awal yang diperlukan sebesar Rp 1.320.855.290,00. ......Development Plan of Oil & gas Limited Block in Tonga by PT Energy Mega Persada Tonga will cause the additional of petroleum production up to 1.700 barrels of oil per day. The increased petroleum production will be followed by the number of produced water which are getting bigger too until reached 4.000 barrels of water per day. Therefore, it appears the option to recycle produced water into clean water that can be used for the needs of the operational field as nonpotable needs, as flushing toilets, watering the garden, and also washing equipment and vehicles. Based on laboratory tests and analysis of secondary data (for parameters BOD), the quality of produced water from the existing processing units as follows: BOD 39,46 mg/L; COD 48 mg/L; TSS 15 mg/L; TDS 84,1 mg/L; Ammonia 0.06 mg/L; Phenols < 0,001 mg/L; Sulfide 0,01 mg/L; Pb < 0,023 mg/L;Zn < 0,006 mg/L; Cu < 0,006 mg/L; and oil and grase < 1,13 mg/L. Alternative recycling technology which is analyzed covers chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, and wetland plant use V. zizanioides. The target of the quality of water recycling are referenced to PP No.82/2001 designated class 2 water. Selection of advanced processing technology produced water is done by weighting method that takes into account parameters of contaminant removal and costs, as well as considering the land area required and the environmental impact. From the calculation, the advanced processing unit selected is phytoremediation wetland by plants Vetiver. Through the treatment, effluent quality is obtained in the form of BOD 2,34 mg/L ; COD 4,8 mg/L ; TSS 1,5 mg/L; TDS 84,1 mg/L; Ammonia 0,06 mg/L ; Phenol 0,0007 mg/L; Sulfida 0,002 mg/L; Pb 0,0067 mg/L;Zn 0,0006 mg/L; Cu 0,0006 mg/L; also oil and grase 0,098 mg/L. The total cost of the initial investment required of Rp 1.320.855.290.00."

"Hubungan manusia dan sumberdaya air penting dan saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Salah satu peristiwa yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah kontaminasi air tanah melalui dinding sungai. Makalah skripsi ini mengusulkan suatu protokol untuk memodelkan kejadian tersebut menggunakan seepage tank. Pemodelan ini meliputi aliran air melalui media berpori pada kondisi steady dan unsteady serta transpor pencemar mekanisme adveksi-dispersi yang terjadi akibat point-source loading. Meski demikian, terdapat kekurangan dalam analisa hasil pemodelan ini sehingga dibutuhkan pengembangan yang lebih lanjut.......There is a reciprocal interaction between human and groundwater resources in which all components influence each other. Contamination occurred along soilwater interface in a river is an issue that has to be examined. Physical model of flow through porous media and contaminant transport using seepage tank is proposed to help the understanding of the phenomena. This model describes the flow of water through porous media in steady and unsteady condition and also transport of contaminant in advection-dispersion mechanism that happens for point-source loading. Yet, more development is needed to complete the analysis of this model?s output."

"The book series will highlight the latest research from the world leaders in the field of climate change in wetlands. The book highlights information of importance to wetland ecologists. The chapters include syntheses of international studies on the effects of drought on function and regeneration in wetlands, sea level rise and the distribution of mangrove swamps, former distributions of swamp species and future lessons from paleoecology, and shifts in atmospheric emissions across geographical regions in wetlands. Overall, the book will contribute to a better understanding of the potential effects of climate change on world wetland distribution and function."

"In this excellent book, Dr Yamaguchi has assembled experts to guide the redesign of global policy. The authors underscore how global warming efforts must resonate with other policy goals. ?Climate change mitigation clarifies that climate change cannot be controlled by sacrificing economic growth or other global problems, however, action to control climate change cannot be delayed. Climate policy is pervasive and affects all dimensions of international policy;but it cannot be too ambitious : a balanced approach between mitigation and adaptation, economic growth and resource management, and short term development and long term investments, should be adopted. "

"The book details the innovative TERM (The Enormous Regional Model) approach to regional and national economic modeling, and explains the conversion from a comparative-static to a dynamic model. It moves on to an adaptation of TERM to water policy, including the additional theoretical and database requirements of the dynamic TERM-H2O model. In particular, it examines the contrasting economic impacts of water buyback policy and recurring droughts in the Murray-Darling Basin. South-east Queensland, where climate uncertainty has been borne out by record-breaking drought and the worst floods in living memory, provides a chapter-length case study. The exploration of the policy background and implications of TERM’s dynamic modeling will provide food for thought in policy making circles worldwide, where there is a pressing need for solutions to similarly intractable problems in water management."

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