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"Senjata SS-2 diharapkan menjadi senjata standar TNI di masa mendatang, namun belum ada penelitian ergonomi terhadap senjata tersebut. Penelitian terhadap senjata SS-2 kali ini dikhususkan pada bidang biomekanika, dimana akan dilakukan analisis dan evaluasi dalam hal pengaruh beban senjata dan juga efek dari gaya hentakan senjata (recoil) dari senjata SS-2 terhadap prajurit pada saat menembak dalam posisi tiarap Analisis beban senjata akan dilakukan dengan metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Secara umum, metode ini membandingkan beban senjata SS-2 terhadap postur tubuh TNI. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan membuat model manusia (manekin) pada posisi tiarap yang sesuai dengan anthopometri TNI dan menambahkan beban senjata SS-2 terhadapnya, kemudian secara otomatis RULA akan memberi nilai terhadap kondisi tersebut, terhadap kemungkinan cedera yang bisa terjadi sehingga dianggap tidak ergonomis. Sedangkan untuk Analisis pengaruh gaya hentakan senjata terhadap tulang belikat akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga (finite element). Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan mensimulasikan tulang belikat saat terkena gaya hentakan senjata SS-2. Melalui perhitungan simulasi akan terlihat distribusi tegangan pada dialami oleh tulang. Untuk batas ketahanan tulang itu sendiri dapat dilihat berdasarkan teori von mises stress, dimana jika nilai yield strength tulang lebih kecil dari tegangan maksimum yang dihasilkan maka dapat diasumsikan bahwa tulang tidak mampu menerima gaya hentakan senjata SS-2. Hasil penelitian ini berupa penilaian apakah beban senjata dan gaya hentakan SS-2 sudah baik atau tidak terhadap prajurit pada saat menembak dalam posisi tiarap.

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SS-2 has been prepared for the future to be one of the standard weapons in the army. Therefore, through this research specializing in biomechanics, analysis and evaluation will be made to find out how the load of weapon and also the recoil affect the soldier in shooting, especially in prone position. Load analysis will be made by using one of the ergonomic tools, which is well known as Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). RULA works by comparing the load of SS-2 to the soldier's posture, especially in prone position. By building a model of a human body, with the data that had been collected before, RULA will automatically assess how body measurement, posture and work load influence the level of injury risk. After those three factors were set up, the scores will be shown as the result of the evaluation. The research's result is about assessment of workload and the recoil effect of SS2. For the 2nd analysis, the discussion is concerned with how the recoil affects scapula by using the method of finite element. Simulation run and the result of evaluation give value of the strain distribution that goes from weapon to the scapula bone. Based on the theory of Von Mises Stress, if the maximum strain gives the smaller result score than its yield strength, it is assumed that scapula still can accept the strain from the recoil effect. This research is about analyzing the body posture, especially in prone position, through the work load and the recoil effect in the SS-2 weapon."

"This book presents the latest findings in the field of investigation of molecular mechanisms of mechanical stretch and the role of cytokines in response of different tissues to it. On the one hand this volume demonstrates how mechanical stretch enhances cytokines production. It describes how cytokines influence tissues and cells on a background of a mechanical stretching. It provides a description of how cells in different tissues are activated by stretch and cytokines via various signaling pathways, and how they change their gene expression. The book is a unique collection of reviews outlining current knowledge and future developments in this rapidly growing field. Knowledge of biomechanics, and mechanisms which underlie it on molecular, cellular and tissue, is necessary for understanding of the normal functioning of living organisms and allows to predict changes, which arise due to alterations of their environment."

"This volume focuses on the biomechanical modeling of deformable soft tissues in the context of Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS). Discussion includes biomechanical models, estimation of in vivo mechanical behavior, real-time numerical simulations and more. "