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"Pada material Tray yang berfungsi menampung f1uida dengan beban yang cukup besar sampai dengan 900 ton/h. Disamping kekuatan material tray tersebut, juga dipegang oleh kekuatan baut sekelilingnya. Pada kasus ini dengan tray adanya beban dinamis tray terlepas dari baut yang berfungsi mengikat tray sehingga tray jatuh. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian dengan perhitungan finite element guna melihat bagaimana karakteristik bentuk defleksi tray terhadap beban-beban yang terjadi, mengetahui kekuatan tray, kekuatan maksimal dan beban yang diizinkan serta pencegahan agar tray dapat menahan beban yang sama atau lebih besar. Gaya reaksi baut pada kasus pembebanan pertama didapat sekitar 6,777 kg/mm2 sampai 10,84 kg/mm2 atau kalau digunakan baut berdiameter 25 mm maka beban lateral dinamis yang terjadi sebesar 3990 kg sampai 6385 kg. Sedangkan pada standar pengencangan baut M25 dengan kekuatan baut 8G, gaya jepit awal 16000 kg maka beban lateral dinamis yang diperbolehkan adalah 2000 kg. Dengan kondisi pembebanan dinamis fluida terhadap tray dengan beban maksimal 900 ton/h memungkinkan rusaknya baut sehingga terlepas."

"Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the accuracy of two procedures: open tray with splinting technique and closed tray impression techniques, in inovative in vitro experiments. Materials and methods: One master cast was fabricated with 4 abutment replica implants with almost parallel position in anterior region of an edentulous mandibular plaster cast. The working cast was taken impressions with open tray splinting technique (group 1) and closed tray technique (group 2) using polyvinyl siloxane impression material. The Type III dental stone was poured into around the impressions. The accuracy of impression procedures were measured 24 hours later after pouring dental stode to each impression. Four sites were marked to measured on every platform of implant analogs. The analyzing stylus was positioned to each site and the heights, horizontal inclination and saggital inclination were measured using the Laser displacement transducer (LK G115; Keyence, Osaka, Japan). Measurements of these 16 points of four implants per a model was repeated 7 times under the same condition. The gap between the abutment and superstructure at one screw test was evaluated with a digital microscope system (VH-Z100 & VH-5000; Keyence, Osaka, Japan). The mean and standard deviation estimated from the samples of each subgroup were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test (P<0.05 as the level of significance). Results: The relative differences of implant heights, horizontal inclination and saggital inclination of each implant on closed tray technique was statistically significant different to master cast and open tray with splinting (P<0.005). Conclusion: The open tray technique was more accurate comparing to the closed tray technique. The gap between the abutment and superstructure in the open tray with splinting technique was smaller comparing to the closed tray technique."