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"Hashima (Gunkanjima) berhasil tercatat sebagai situs warisan dunia UNESCO pada tahun 2015. Pencatatan pulau ini sempat mendapat penolakan keras dari Korea Selatan karena Jepang tidak mencantumkan sejarah lengkap yang menyangkut kerja paksa warga Korea Selatan dan Tiongkok. Berdasarkan data pemerintah Nagasaki, Hashima mengalami lonjakan pengunjung lebih dari seratus ribu wisatawan setelah namanya tercatat dalam situs warisan dunia UNESCO. Sebelumnya, Hashima hanya dikenal akan dark tourism-nya sebagai pulau hantu, tetapi kini semakin dilirik wisatawan dengan imej yang berbeda setelah pencatatan UNESCO dan pembangunan lokasi wisata penunjang seperti Gunkanjima Digital Museum. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai dark tourism Hashima dan lokasi terkaitnya serta perubahan apa saja yang terjadi setelah pencatatan di UNESCO. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan adanya dampak positif seperti lonjakan dan kestabilan kunjungan wisata ke Hashima, dan dampak negatif seperti upaya sanitasi dengan menutupi sejarah kelam Hashima yang dilakukan pemerintah Jepang. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya pergeseran spektrum dark tourism di balik kesuksesan peningkatan kunjungan pariwisata di Hashima dan lokasi terkaitnya.

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Hashima (Gunkanjima) was successfully listed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 2015. The listing process of this island had received strong rejection from South Korea because Japan did not include its full history of forced labor for South Korean and Chinese citizens. Based on data from the Nagasaki government, Hashima experienced a surge in visitors of more than one hundred thousand tourists after its name was listed as UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. Previously, Hashima was only known for its dark tourism as a ghost island, but now it is increasingly attracting tourists with a different image after the UNESCO listing and the construction of new supporting tourist sites such as the Gunkanjima Digital Museum. This research discusses the dark tourism of Hashima and its related locations as well as any changes that occurred after being registered at UNESCO. The results of this study found positive impacts such as the surge and stability of tourist visits to Hashima, and negative impacts such as sanitation efforts by covering up the dark history of Hashima by the Japanese government. In addition, this study also found a shift in the dark tourism spectrum behind the success of increasing tourism visits in Hashima and its related locations."

"The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001, which entered into force internationally in 2009, is designed to deal with threats to underwater cultural heritage arising as a result of advances in deep-water technology. However, the relationship between this new treaty and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is deeply controversial. This study of the international legal framework regulating human interference with underwater cultural heritage explores the development and present status of the framework and gives some consideration to how it may evolve in the future. The central themes are the issues that provided the UNESCO negotiators with their greatest challenges: the question of ownership rights in sunken vessels and cargoes; sovereign immunity and sunken warships; the application of salvage law; the ethics of commercial exploitation; and, most crucially, the question of jurisdictional competence to regulate activities beyond territorial sea limits"