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Abstrak :
[Tesis ini menganalisis pemaknaan dan reaksi manusia gerobak terhadap ruang urban Jakarta. Pemaknaan terhadap ruang urban Jakarta oleh manusia gerobak dan reaksi mereka terhadap regulasi di ruang urban Jakarta menjadi pertanyaan dalam tesis ini. Data diperoleh melalui pendekatan etnografi dengan wawancara mendalam kepada manusia gerobak di Jakarta Selatan, dan observasi kegiatan manusia gerobak. Tesis ini menggunakan konsep urban dan hegemoni untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan manusia gerobak memaknai ruang urban Jakarta dengan eksistensi melalui mobilitas mereka untuk dapat bertahan di ruang urban Jakarta. Manusia gerobak menunjukkan reaksi berupa resistensi terhadap regulasi di ruang urban Jakarta. Mereka menunjukkan resistensi dengan tidak memiliki Kartu Tanda Penduduk, menolak bekerja dalam sektor formal dengan memilih menjadi manusia gerobak, dan tidak ingin menempati rumah tinggal seperti yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Resistensi ini menjadi bentuk gerakan untuk menuntut hak mereka atas kota dalam konteks Jakarta sebagai ruang urban;This thesis analyses how manusia gerobak makes meaning out of the urban space of Jakarta. It evaluates manusia gerobak’s meaning making process and how they react to the urban regulation in Jakarta. The main research method is utilizing ethnographic tools which consist of in-depth interviews and observations of manusia gerobak in South Jakarta. In analyzing the data, the concepts of urban and hegemony are used to answer the research questions. Research findings reveal that the meaning making process is done within the manusia gerobak’s mobility as a way to reflect in their existence in Jakarta. At the same time, manusia gerobak show their resistance to regulation by rejecting to have Jakarta’s identity card, refusing to work in formal sector by choosing to be a manusia gerobak as their job, and not wanting to stay in formal settlements, such as houses provided by the government. All of these represent their resistance in claiming their rights to the city in the context of Jakarta as an urban space, This thesis analyses how manusia gerobak makes meaning out of the urban space of Jakarta. It evaluates manusia gerobak’s meaning making process and how they react to the urban regulation in Jakarta. The main research method is utilizing ethnographic tools which consist of in-depth interviews and observations of manusia gerobak in South Jakarta. In analyzing the data, the concepts of urban and hegemony are used to answer the research questions. Research findings reveal that the meaning making process is done within the manusia gerobak’s mobility as a way to reflect in their existence in Jakarta. At the same time, manusia gerobak show their resistance to regulation by rejecting to have Jakarta’s identity card, refusing to work in formal sector by choosing to be a manusia gerobak as their job, and not wanting to stay in formal settlements, such as houses provided by the government. All of these represent their resistance in claiming their rights to the city in the context of Jakarta as an urban space]

Abstrak :
Program Peningkatan Kualitas Permukiman dilaksanakan tahun 2018-2022 pada 220 RW Kumuh dari total 445 RW Kumuh di DKI Jakarta yang berupa penataan fisik melalui peningkatan jalan lingkungan, trotoar, drainase lingkungan, penerangan jalan umum, septictank komunal, IPAL komunal, penghijauan, dan persampahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak program terhadap harga tanah di DKI Jakarta serta menguji hubungan spasial dari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi harga tanah khususnya di lokasi Transit Oriented Development Dukuh Atas dan Istora Senayan. Variable dependen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah harga tanah sedangkan variable independennya merupakan dummy treatment RW kumuh yang mendapatkan program dengan memasukkan variabel kontrol yang relevan. Data yang digunakan adalah level RW Kumuh serta sub sampel RW tidak kumuh di DKI Jakarta. Dengan menggunakan metode Staggered Difference in Differences didapatkan bahwa nilai pertumbuhan harga tanah pada lokasi penataan memiliki tingkat signifikansi yang lemah dan dapat meningkatkan harga tanah rata-rata hanya sebesar Rp. 68.919,-/m2 dibandingkan dengan RW yang tidak mendapatkan program peningkatan kualitas permukiman. Sementara itu pada analisis spasial menambahkan variable penjelas antara lain tingkat kekumuhan, kepadatan penduduk, aksesibilitas, fasilitas kesehatan, fasilitas pendidikan, pusat perbelanjaan, ruang publik dan daerah rawan banjir. Dengan menggunakan metode Spatial Durbin Mode diperoleh bahwa faktor-faktor yangmempunyai hubungan spasial dalam mempengaruhi harga tanah secara langsung dan tidak langsung yaitu kepadatan penduduk, tingkat kekumuhan, fasilitas pendidikan, ruang publik dan rawan banjir. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengukur harga tanah dalam klaster RW dengan menggunakan metode LISA (Local Indicator Spatial Asociation) serta mengkaji pengelompokan spasial yang signifikan di sekitar wilayah pengamatan. ......The Urban Settlement Quality Improvement Program was implemented in 220 slum areas (RW) out of a total of 445 slum areas in DKI Jakarta from 2018 to 2022. The program focused on physical design through improving environmental roads, sidewalks, environmental drainage, public street lighting, communal septic tanks, communal wastewater treatment plants (IPAL), greening, and waste management. This study aims to measure the impact of the program on land prices in DKI Jakarta, particularly in the transit-oriented development locations in Dukuh Atas and Istora Senayan, as well as spatial factors affecting land prices. The dependent variable used in this study is land price, while the independent variables include a dummy treatment for slum RWs that received the program with the inclusion of relevant control variables. The data used include slum RW levels and sub-samples of non-slum RWs in DKI Jakarta. Using the Staggered Difference in Differences method, it was found that the increase in land prices in the developing areas had considerably weak statistical significance and only increased the average land price by Rp. 68,919 per square meter compared to RWs that did not receive the settlement quality improvement program. The spatial analysis added explanatory variables such as slum level, population density, accessibility, health facilities, educational institutions, shopping malls, public spaces and flood-prone areas. Using Durbin spatial model method, it was found that direct and indirect factors affecting land prices are population density, slum level, educational institutions, public spaces and flood-prone areas. In addition, this study measured land prices in RW clusters using the Local Indicator Spatial Association (LISA) method and examined the significant spatial clustering around the observation area.

Abstrak :
Rasa takut merupakan emosi yang dibawa manusia sejak lahir dan tak pernah hilang dari benaknya, seumur hidup. Manusia melakukan beragam respon terhadap rasa takut untuk memperoleh kebutuhan dasarnya akan rasa aman. Respon tersebut salah satunya terlihat dari makna hunian sebagai ruang defensif, disamping fungsinya sebagai tempat tinggal, hidup, dan beraktivitas. Karena itu, sebuah lingkungan maupun unit hunian yang ada di dalamnya akan menampilkan ekspresi rasa takut para penghuni, baik terhadap fenomena alam maupun sosial, melalui wujud fisik tertentu. Ancaman biasanya datang dari luar, sehingga ekspresi rasa takut pada hunian akan diperlihatkan oleh elemen-elemen batas yang mempertegas teritori, antara bagian dalam dan luar. Teritori memiliki kecenderungan memperbesar diri sebagai bentuk adaptasi, dengan mengambilalih teritori lain. Batas teritori umumnya menampilkan wujud fisik yang statis, permanen, tegas, dan kokoh, sebagai upaya pencegahan, sehingga bertolak belakang dengan respon paling dasar manusia saat terancam yaitu meloloskan diri, yang lebih dinamis dan kondisional. ......Fear is an innate emotion that will never been disappeared from human mind, in a whole life. People do various responses to fear, to get their basic needs of safety. One of those responses appears in a sense of dwelling as a defensible space, beside its main function as a place to stay, live, and do activities. Therefore, a dwelling environment and units inside, show the fear expression of the inhabitants because of both social and natural phenomenon of threats, in a form of physical appearance. Threat usually come from outside, and fear expression in a dwelling is shown by the boundary which make territory more obvious, between inside and outside. Territory is leaning to extend itself as an adaptation, by occupying other territory. Territory boundary generally shows a static, permanent, and persistent physical appearance, as an anticipation, contradict with human basic response of threat, that is to escape or to get away, which is more dynamic and conditional.