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"Angka kesakitan dan kematian yang disebabkan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 masih tinggi di seluruh dunia. Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit yang memiliki dampak kesehatan mematikan, seperti gagal ginjal, kebutaan, penyakit kardiovaskular, dan berujung kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko diabetes mellitus tipe 2 pada orang berusia 40 - 70 tahun di Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2014 di Vihara Hastabrata, Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, dan Vihara Darma Bakti. Teknik pemilihan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan non-probability sampling, purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan semi-quantitative FFQ dengan metode wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 59,7% responden mengidap diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Dari hasil bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square (95% CI) menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pola diet vegetarian (OR = 2,756; CI = 1,30 - 5,84), jenis kelamin (OR = 3,216; CI = 1,34 - 7,73), genetik (OR = 2,457; CI = 1,13 - 5,37), linggkar pinggang (OR = 2,273; CI = 1,10 - 4,69), dan stres (OR = 3,233; CI = 1,28 - 8,12) dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Dari hasil multivariat menunjukan bahwa pola diet vegetarian menjadi faktor protektif terhadap diabetes mellitus tipe 2.

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The mortality and morbidity rate of non-communicable disease, especially type 2 diabetes is still high around the world. The type 2 diabetes has got some deathly health impact such as kidney failure, blindness, cardiovascular disease, even leading to death. The purpose of this research is to obtain information about the risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes on people aged 40 - 70 years old in West Jakarta. This study used a cross-sectional design which was conducted between April and May 2014 in Vihara Hastabrata, Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, dan Vihara Darma Bakti. This study used non-probability sampling, purposive sampling for taking samples. Data were collected through the questionnaire and semi-quantitative forms which were interviewed. The results showed that 59,7% of the respondents suffered from type 2 diabetes. From data analyses by chi-square test (95% CI), there were significant association between vegetarian dietary pattern (OR = 2,756; CI = 1,30 - 5,84), sex (OR = 3,216; CI = 1,34 - 7,73), gene (OR = 2,457; CI = 1,13 - 5,37), waist circumference (OR = 2,273; CI = 1,10 - 4,69), and stress (OR = 3,233; CI = 1,28 - 8,12) with type 2 diabetes. Vegetarian dietary pattern became the protective factor to type 2 diabetes."

"ABSTRAKKonsumsi daging yang berlebihan memiliki dampak negatif bagi sebagian masyarakat Indonesia karena kolesterol yang tinggi dan harga yang mahal. Namun daging masih menjadi pilihan untuk dikonsumsi karena belum ada alternatif daging sehat. Daging nabati dibuat sebagai salah satu solusi bagi masyarakat yang ingin mengonsumsi daging yang sehat, hanya saja di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh produk impor. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pra perancangan produk daging nabati sapi dan ayam dengan merk Meat-Up untuk memenuhi kebutuhan di Jabodetabek. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah gluten, kacang merah, kedelai, TVP, dan bumbu untuk daging nabati sapi, dan gluten, singkong, kedelai, TVP, dan bumbu untuk daging nabati ayam. Pabrik direncanakan beroperasi pada pertengahan tahun 2017. Pabrik akan dibangun di Bogor karena akses untuk mendapatkan bahan baku produk lebih mudah. Sistem produksi yang diterapkan adalah batch. Kapasitas produksi pabrik adalah 94 ton per tahun. Alat produksi utama yang digunakan ada 10, yaitu washer, weighing scale, miller, chopper, mixer, extruder, steamer, cooker, slicer, dan vacuum packaging machine. Total investasi yang diperlukan untuk membangun pabrik ini adalah Rp. 2.659.270.125. Adapun nilai ROI-nya adalah 32,9%, dengan PBP 2,36 tahun, MARR 17%, IRR 38%, BEP 32,3%, NPV Rp. 5.607.340.158. Harga jual yang ditetapkan untuk produk daging nabati Meat-Up adalah Rp. 30.000. Dengan demikian, pabrik Meat-Up sangat layak dibangun karena menguntungkan

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ABSTRACTHigh consumption of meat has a negative effect for some people in Indonesia due to its high cholestrol and expensive price. However meat still becomes a common choice for daily consumption because there is no alternative healthier meat. Gluten-based vegetarian meat was made as a solution for people who want to eat meat in healthy way, but in Indonesia imported products are still dominating the market. This study discusses the preliminary production design of vegetable beef and chicken meat with Meat-Up brands to meet the needs in the Greater Jakarta. The raw materials used are gluten, red beans, soybeans, TVP, and vegetable seasoning for vegetable beef meat, and gluten, cassava, soybean, TVP, and seasoning for vegetable chicken meat. The plant will be operated in mid 2017. The plant will be built in Bogor due to accessibility to raw materials. The production system applied is batch. The production capacity is 94 tons per year. The main production equipment used are 10 equipment, which are washer, weighing scale, miller, chopper, mixer, extruder, steamer, cooker, slicer, and vacuum packaging machine. The total investment required to build this plant is Rp. 2,659,270,125. The value of its ROI is 32.9%, with PBP 2.36 years, MARR 17%, IRR 38%, 32.3% BEP, NPV Rp. 5,607,340,158. The sale price set for this vegetable meat products is Rp. 30,000. Thus, Meat-Up plant is very feasible to be built because it is profitable."

"Beberapa penelitian tentang status gizi anak vegetarian usia sekolah telah pemah dilakukan di luar negeri, namun hanya sedikit sekali penelitian tentang status gizi anak vegetarian pra sekolah (balita vegetarian). Di Indonesia belurn ada penelitian secara resmi tentnng status gizi balita vegetarian (pra sekoiah) dan anak usia sekolah. Mengingat balita merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rawan kekurangan gizi dan berada dalam masa pertumbuhan yang cepat serta akan mempengaruhi status gizi fase kehidupan selanjutnya. maka secara teoritis balita tidak dianjurkan menjalani diet vegetarian karena dikhawatirkan akan menderita gizi kurang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi (IMT/U) danfaktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada balita vegetarian dan non vegetarian di DKI Jakarta Tahun 2008, Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalarn penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Total sampel berjumlah 148 balita yang terdiri dari 75 balita vegetarian dan 73 balita non vegetarian berumur 0-59 bulan di DKI Jakarta yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan mempunyai latar belakang etnis yang sama, geografis dan tingkat ekonomi yang semirip mungkin. Data dikumpulkan di DKI Jakarta sejak Februari sampai dengan Maret 2008. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah status gizi balita (IMT/U), sedangkan variabel independen yang diteliti adalah asupan energi, protein, pola diet (vegetarian, non vegetarian), penyakit infeksi, jenis kelamin balita, umur balita, pola asuh, pemberian ASI, anal mencuci tangan, ibu mencuci tangan, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, status gizi ibu, pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pekerjaan ibu, penghasilan keluarga dan jumlah balita. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup berat badan menggunakan timbangan Seca model 872 dengan ketelitian 0, l kg. panjang/tinggi badan menggunakan length board/microtoice dengan ketelitian 0,1 em, konsumsi makanan menggunakan food recall I x 24 jam, karakteristik ibu dan balita. pola asuh dan kesehatan menggunakan kuesioner. Status gizi dihitung berdasarkan indeks IMTIU menurut baku rujakan WHO 2005, sedangkan asupan energi dan protein dihitung dengan metode food recall l x 24 jam berdasarkan % AKG (Angka Kecakupan Gizi). Ana!isis data hasil univariat, bivariat dan multivariat diiakukan dengan menggunakan komputer, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas pada balita vegetarian sebanyak 5,3% dan balita non vegetarian 12,3%. Terdapat !3,3% ba!ita vegetarian dan 8,2% balita non vegetarian yang gemuk. Walaupun lebih dari separah ba!ita mempunyai status gizi nom1al (56% balita vegetarian dan 57,5% balita non vegetarian), akan tetapi sudah terdapat25,3% balita vegetarian dan 21,9% balita non vegetarian yang berisiko gemuk. Masih terdapat balita vegetarian yang pendek sebanyak 4% dan non vegetarian 2 7%.Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang berrnakna antara pola diet (vegetarian, non vegetarian) dengan status gizi (IMTIU), artinya tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara status gizi (IMT/U) baHta vegetarian lakto ovo dengan non vegetarian. Faktor yang paling dominan hubungannya dengan IMTIU pada balila vegetarian lakto ovo adalah pengbasilan keluarga dan penyakit infeksi pada balita non vegetarian. Penyuluhan tentang pangetahuan gizi perlu dilakakan kepada rnasyarakat terutarna ibu balita atau pengasuh balita oleh petugas kesehatan di posyandu, puskesmas, kiinik atau rumah sakit karena masih banyak ibu balita non vegetarian (42,5%) yang pengetahuan gizinya kurang. Perlu dilakukan kerjasama antara institusi pemerintah (Depkes dan Perguuruan Tinggi) dengan IVS (Indonesia Vegetarian Society) atau sekolah untuk memberikan penyuluhan gizi kepada mesyarakat vegetarian dan non vegetarian guna mencegah dan menanggukangi kejadian obesitas dan gizi lebih di DKI Jakarta.......There are several studies on the nutritional status of school vegetarian chiidren that have been done in abroad, but only a few ones on the pre school vegetarian children (vegetarian children wtder five). There is no official study on the status of pre school and school vegetarian children in Indonesia. Considering those children are suspectible to malnutrition, especially under nutritionin their fast growing period, that could influence the nutrition status of their next life phase. So by theorythose children are not suggested to have vegetarian diet in order to avoid suffering from under nutrition.The objective of this study is to understand the factors related to nutritional status (BAZ) of vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five in DKI Jakarta. Cross-sectional design is used in this study with quantitative approach. Samples collected by purposive sampling from the vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five (0-59 months) in DKI Jakarta with the same ethnic, similar geographical and economical background. Total samples collected are 148 children under five consisting of 75 vegetarian and 73 non vegetarian. Data were collected from February to March 2008. The dependent variable is children?s nutritional status (BAZ) and the independent variables are energy and protein intakes, diet pattern (vegetarian, non vegetarian), infectious disease, child?s sex, age, x=child caring, breast-feeding, child?s hand-washing, mother?s hand-washing, health service, mother?s nutritional status, education, nutritional knowledge, job, family income and number of children under five. Data collected include weight by using Seca balance model 872 recommended by WHO with precision of 0,1 kg, length/height by using length board/microtoice with precision of O,1 cm, dietary intake by using food recall I x 24 hours mother and child characterization, child caring and health by using questionnaire. Nutritional Status is calculated by using anthropometry indices of BAZ standard of WHO 2005. Energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes are calculated by using food recall 1 x 24 hours based on% RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance). Univariate, bivariateand multivariate data are analyzed by using personal computer data processing.The result shows 5.3% of vegetarian and 12.3% of non vegetarian children under five in DKI Jakarta are obese and I3.3% of vegetarian and 8.2% of non vegetarian chHdren under five are overweight Although there are 56% of vegetarian and 57.5% of non vegetarian children under five are normal. but there are 25.3% of vegetarian and 21.9% of non vegetarian chUdren under five already at risk of overweight Finallythere are still 4% of vegetarian and 2.7% of non vegetarian children under five are stunted. There is no significant relationship between diet pattern (vegetarian, non vegetarian) and nutritional status (BAZ). It means there is no significant difference in nutritional status (BAZ) between vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five. Family income is the most dominant factor which is related to lacto ovo vegetarian's BAZ and infectious disease is the one for the non vegetarian's BAZ. Promoting on nutritional knowledge is necessary for the community especially the children's mother or care taker and should be conducted by nutritionist or mcdieal doctor from the centre of public health (puskesmas), clinics or government's hospitals and universities. Network among inter govemmental institutions are needed {e.g. Ministry of Health and University, etc} and can be extended into co-operation with non profit NGO such as IVS (Indonesia Vegetarian Society) or schools to give lectures on nutrition issues to the vegetarian and non vegetarian communities in order to prevent and overcome to obese and over-nutrition problem in DKI Jakarta."

"A vegetarian diet is believed to prevent hypertension. This study aims to identify the impact of vegetarian diets, including fat, salt, potassium, and body mass index (BMI), on hypertension. Data was taken by systematic random sampling method from 173 vegetarians and analyzed using chisquare. The result showed that there is no significant association between the intake of fat, sodium, and potassium with hypertension in vegetarians (p> 0.05). However, there is a significant relationship between BMI with the incidence of hypertension (p= 0.025), where overweight respondents are 3.837 more likely to have hypertension (OR 3.837; 95% CI= 1,256 11,721). It implies that vegetarians tend to have a safe intake of fat, salt, and potassium, and therefore, this condition prevents hypertension. Thus, health promotion about the selection of sources of fat, regulation of salt, potassium intake, and weight management will be beneficial for vegetarians in preventing hypertension."