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"The human foetus is separated from the maternal blood by the syncytiotrophoblast induced by endogeneous human retrovirus-encoded proteins. This barrier is a highly developed one, which suppors apical-basolateral transport of maternal idiotype and anti-idiotype IgG, IgG-virus complexes. The selective maternal-fetal transport of epitope- and paratope-bearing entities can influence the developping fetal immune system during pregnancy. The bidirectional maternal-fetal transfer of cells are of even more importance during pregnancy. Maternal cells with latent viruses transport viruses without impairment of fetal development. Cells with premaligant and malignant genetic transformation are also transported to the fetus. Fetal and neonatal tumours are initiated by such cells in spite of the antitumour potential of fetal organism. On the contary, the fetal cells repair maternal tissue injouries and survive in the organisms of the recipients for decades. These possess new consequences for the neonatal immunity and organ transplatation surgery."

"ABSTRAKPenyakit Ebola disebabkan oleh virus Ebola yang termasuk dalam keluarga virus floviridae. Penyakit ini menyebar melalui kontak langsung dengan cairan tubuh individu terinfeksi. Dalam penelitian ini, dibahas mengenai model matematika transmisi penyakit ebola dengan relapse dan reinfeksi. Penyakit tersebut dimodelkan dengan menggunakan sistem persamaan diferensial biasa berdimensi tujuh. Model ini menunjukkan adanya fenomena backwards bifurcation yang dianalisa dengan memperhatikan perubahan arah pada titik keseimbangan endemik. Eksistensi backward bifurcation pada model penyakit Ebola dikarenakan adanya relapse dan reinfeksi sehingga terdapat titik keseimbangan endemik saat basic reproduction number R0 kurang dari satu. Jumlah total kasus baru individu terinfeksi Ebola meningkat dengan meningkatnya nilai parameter relapse dan reinfeksi.

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ABSTRACTEbola disease is caused by the Ebola virus which belongs to the floviridae virus family.This disease spreads through direct contact with the body fluids of infected individuals.In this undergraduate thesis, we discussed the mathematical model of Ebola diseasetransmission with relapse and reinfection. This infection is modeled using systemof seven dimensions ordinary differential equation. This model shows the backwardbifurcation phenomenon that is analyzed by considering the direction change in theendemic equilibrium point. The existence of backward bifurcation in the Ebola diseasemodel is due to relapse and reinfection so there is an endemic equilibrium point whenbasic reproduction number R0 is less than one. The total number of new cases ofindividuals infected with Ebola increases with increasing values of the parameters relapseand reinfection."