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"Latar Belakang: Selama kehamilan terjadi perubahan fisiologis yang memengaruhi metabolisme nutrisi dan energi. Sehingga status nutrisi pra-kehamilan merupakan faktor penting bagi pertumbuhan janin dan kesehatan ibu Wanita dewasa dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) <18,5 digunakan sebagai indikator kekurangan energi kronis (KEK). Dan sebanyak 24,2% wanita hamil yang berumur 15-49 tahun memiliki risiko KEK berdasarkan indikator lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2013, prevalensi wanita hamil berisiko tinggi dengan tinggi badan <150 cm mencapai 31,3 %. Hingga saat ini, hanya beberapa penelitian yang mempelajari status nutrisi wanita hamil trimester I dengan mengukur IMT, LILA dan tinggi badan, serta hubungannya dengan luaran bayi dan plasenta Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan IMT, LILA dan tinggi badan ibu hamil trimester I sebagai prediksi status nutrisi prakonsepsi dengan ukuran plasenta dan luaran bayi. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang pada 134 pasien yang sesuai kriteria. Data pasien mengambil riwayat kehamilan trimester pertama menggunakan catatan kehamilan untuk menilai kecukupan gizi ibu dan keadaan klinis bayi pada saat persalinan. Hasil: Pada uji korelasi bivariat antara IMT, LILA, dan tinggi badan ibu hamil dengan karakteristik bayi lahir (berat, panjang, lingkar kepala, lingkar perut, berat plasenta, volume plasenta), menunjukan hasil yang signifikan pada semua variabel kecuali pada korelasi antara tinggi badan dengan lingkar kepala, lingkar perut, berat plasenta, dan volume plasenta bayi. Analisis multivariat menunjukan adanya korelasi antara berat, panjang, lingkar kepala, lingkar perut, berat plasenta, dan volume plasenta bayi lahir dengan LILA. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif antara berat, panjang,lingkar kepala, lingkar perut, berat plasenta, dan volume plasenta bayi lahir terhadap LILA kehamilan trimester pertama.

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Background: The maternal nutritional status is an important factor for fetal growth and maternal health. Adult women with BMI <18.5 were used as an indicator of chronic energy deficiency (CED). And as many as 24.2% pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years old have the risks of CED based on their UAC. According to Riskesdas 2013, the prevalence of high risk pregnant women with body height <150 cm reaches up to 31.3%. Until now, there are few studies have studied the nutritional status of first trimester pregnant women by measuring their BMI, UAC and body height, as well as their association with the outcomes from placenta and infants. Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between BMI, UAC and body height of first trimester pregnant women as predicted pre-conception nutritional status with placental size and outcomes of the infants. Method: The design of this study is cross sectional 134 patients who matched the criteria. Patients' data were obtained during their first trimester of pregnancy at network hospitals and Budi Kemuliaan Hospital. Results: Bivariate correlation test between BMI, UAC and body height of pregnant women with the characteristics of infants (body weight, body length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, placental weight, placental volume), elicited significant result on all of the variables, except on the correlation between body height with head circumference, abdominal circumference, placental weight, and placental volume. Multivariate analysis showed a correlation between infant's body weight, infants' body length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, placental weight, and placental volume with UAC. Conclusion: Significant correlation between infants' body weight, body length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, placental weight, and placental volume with UAC of first trimester pregnant women was proven."

"Literasi gizi adalah kapasitas individu untuk memperoleh, memproses, dan memahami informasi gizi dasar yang diperlukan untuk membuat keputusan gizi yang tepat. Literasi gizi dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu literasi gizi fungsional, interaktif, dan kritikal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran tingkat literasi gizi dan perbedaan proporsi tingkat literasi gizi berdasarkan usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, paritas, dukungan petugas kesehatan dan keterpaparan informasi pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Racaekek Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat Tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis desain studi cross-sectional. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner mandiri pada 100 ibu hamil yang sehat dan bisa membaca serta menulis di Desa Jelegong dan Desa Bojongloa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat literasi gizi fungsional, interaktif, maupun kritikal pada responden secara umum tergolong masih kurang. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi antara pendidikan dan pendapatan dengan tingkat literasi gizi total dan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara variabel independen dengan tingkat literasi gizi fungsional, interaktif, dan kritikal.

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Nutritional literacy is an individual's capacity to acquire, process, and understand the basic nutritional information needed to make informed nutritional decisions. Nutritional literacy is divided into three groups, namely functional, interactive, and critical nutritional literacy. This study aims to describe the level of nutritional literacy and the difference in the proportion of nutritional literacy based on age, education, occupation, income, parity, support from health workers and information exposure to pregnant women in Racaekek District, Bandung Regency, West Java in 2022. This study uses a quantitative approach with type of cross-sectional study design. Data were taken using an independent questionnaire on 100 healthy pregnant women who could read and write in Jelegong Village and Bojongloa Village. The results showed that the level of functional, interactive, and critical nutritional literacy of the respondents in general was still low. There is a difference in the proportion between education and income with the level of total nutritional literacy and there is no significant difference between the independent variables and the level of functional, interactive, and critical nutrition literacy."

"Abstract: This book contains a description of the menstrual cycle and common menstrual irregularities, together with suggestions for the nutritional treatment of these symptoms. Although menstrual distress is considered to be women's most common physical problem, this pain is not normal, natural, or necessary. According to this publication, menstrual difficulties are more often than not the result of nutritional deficiencies. Proper nutrition or the right combination of nutrients can not only relieve the symptoms of menstruation, it can also treat the actual cause of the problem. Topics include: defining menstruation; menstrual irregularities; and nutritional treatment of premenstrual syndrome, menstrual cramps, and other menstrual disorders."

"Abstract: This book contains a description of the menstrual cycle and common menstrual irregularities, together with suggestions for the nutritional treatment of these symptoms. Although menstrual distress is considered to be women's most common physical problem, this pain is not normal, natural, or necessary. According to this publication, menstrual difficulties are more often than not the result of nutritional deficiencies. Proper nutrition or the right combination of nutrients can not only relieve the symptoms of menstruation, it can also treat the actual cause of the problem. Topics include: defining menstruation; menstrual irregularities; and nutritional treatment of premenstrual syndrome, menstrual cramps, and other menstrual disorders."

"Ketahanan pangan selama kehamilan sangat mungkin terjadi salah satunya dikarenakan pada saat hamil terjadi kenaikan demand konsumsi pangan. Konsekuensi kerawanan pangan pada ibu hamil tidak hanya mengganggu kesehatan ibu, melainkan juga perkembangan dan pertumbuhan janin. Beberapa penelitian menemukan adanya hubungan kerawanan pangan dan kelahiran bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR), namun sedikit penelitian yang melihat konsekuensi tingkatan keparahan kerawanan pangan dan mengaitkannya dengan kelahiran BBLR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan tingkatan keparahan kerawanan pangan dan kelahiran BBLR. Dengan menggunakan data Susenas Maret 2020, hasil regresi logistik biner menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kerawanan pangan rumah tangga dan kelahiran BBLR. Semakin parah tingkat kerawanan pangan rumah tangga, semakin besar kecenderungan kelahiran BBLR yang mungkin dialami oleh perempuan di rumah tangga tersebut. Akan tetapi, penelitian ini tidak dapat menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kecenderungan kelahiran BBLR antara perempuan dengan rawan pangan ringan dan perempuan dengan tahan pangan. Hasil penghitungan marginal effect menunjukkan perubahan peluang kelahiran BBLR semakin besar seiring keparahan kerawanan pangan. Peluang kelahiran BBLR naik sebesar 5,5 persen ketika ibu hamil mengalami kerawanan pangan sedang dan naik sebesar 10 persen ketika ibu hamil mengalami kerawanan pangan berat (dibandingkan ibu hamil tahan pangan). Apabila ibu hamil sebelumnya mengalami kerawanan pangan sedang kemudian meningkat keparahannya menjadi rawan pangan berat, peluang kelahiran BBLR meningkat sebesar 4,5 persen. Sementara itu, pendidikan ibu, akses internet ibu, status bekerja ibu, dan tipe daerah tempat tinggal signifikan berhubungan dengan kecenderungan kelahiran BBLR. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan pentingnya akses pangan, pengetahuan, dan kesejahteraan ibu guna mencegah asupan nutrisi yang kurang saat hamil.

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Food security during pregnancy is very likely to occur because of increasing in food consumption demand. Food insecurity during pregnancy effects both mother’s health and the development and growth of the fetus. Several studies have showed that food insecurity is associated with low birth weight (LBW), but few studies have looked at the consequences of the severity of food insecurity and associated it with LBW. This study aims to see the association between the severity of food insecurity and LBW. Using the March 2020 Susenas data, the results of the binary logistic regression showed a significant association between household food insecurity and LBW births. The more severe the level of household food insecurity, the greater the likelihood for LBW to be experienced by women in the household. However, this study could not show that odds of low birth weight between women with mild food insecurity and women who food secured different. The analysis of the marginal effect show that the change in the probability of LBW increases along with the severity of food insecurity. The probability of LBW increases by 5.5 percent when pregnant women experience moderate food insecurity and increases by 10 percent when pregnant women experience severe food insecurity (compared to food secure pregnant women). If pregnant women previously experienced moderate food insecurity and then become severe food insecurity, the probability of LBW increased by 4.5 percent. Meanwhile, mother's education, mother's internet access, mother's working status, and type of area of residence are significantly associated with LBW. This indicates the importance of access to food, knowledge, and maternal welfare in order to prevent malnutrition during pregnancy."