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"Seng (Zn) diketahui dapat menginduksi apoptosis terhadap galur sel kanker prostat (PC-3). Akumulasi selular Seng (Zn) memiliki efek langsung pada mitokondria yang menghasilkan pelepasan sitokrom c yang memicu apoptosis. Tujuan dari penelitian ialah mengevaluasi pengaruh Seng (Zn) terhadap viabilitas PC-3 dengan konsentrasi 10 µM, 15 µM, 20 µM, dan staurosporin sebagai kontrol pada waktu pemajanan 0, 6, dan 24 jam. Viabilitas sel-sel tersebut diukur dengan uji MTS. Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan ketiga kelompok perlakuan. Namun, terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perlakuan stauropsorin dibandingkan kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Dengan demikian, konsentrasi Zn 10 µM, 15 µM, dan 20 µM pada pemaparan 0 jam, 6 jam, dan 24 jam belum dapat menurunkan viabilitas sel kanker prostat PC-3 secara signifikan.

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Zinc (Zn), known to trigger apoptosis in prostate cancer line (PC-3), has direct effect on mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c leading to apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Zinc in Prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) viability with concentrations of 10, 15, 20 µM, and staurosporine as a control, and exposure time of 0, 6, and 24 hours. The cell viability was assessed with MTS assay. There were no significant differences between control and treatment groups based on Kruskal Wallis test. However, there was significant difference between stauroporine treatment and negative control. In conclusion, Zinc (Zn) concentration of 10, 15, 20 µM and exposure time of 0, 6, and 24 hours were not sufficient to decrease significantly the viability of prostate cancer lines (PC-3)."

"Latar Belakang: Respons imun berperan pada kerentanan pasien talasemia terhadap infeksi. Defisiensi seng pada talasemia akan memperburuk respons imun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil respons imun pasien talasemia mayor dan pengaruh suplementasi seng dan imunisasi pneumokokus pada respons imun pasien talasemia pasca-splenektomi.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Thalassemia RSCM, Jakarta pada September 2013 ? Februari 2014. Studi observasi dengan metode belah lintang komparatif pada talasemia mayor sehat usia > 12 tahun dan HIV negatif non- dan pasca-splenektomi mendahului studi intervensi dengan metode randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial pada talasemia pasca-splenektomi yang dialokasikan menjadi kelompok seng 1,5 mg/kg/hr maksimum 50 mg, atau plasebo. Dua jenis imunisasi pneumokokus diberikan untuk menguji fungsi limfosit T. Luaran yang diukur adalah respons imun non-spesifik (jumlah dan fagositosis neutrofil) dan respons imun spesifik (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Respons imun spesifik kualitatif mengukur produksi IgG pneumokokus, IL-2 dan TNF-α pasca pajanan PHA.Hasil Penelitian: Median fagositosis neutrofil kelompok pasca-splenektomi 29,79 (4 sampai 81)% dan kelompok non-splenektomi 55,83 (2 sampai 133)% (p < 0,001). Kelompok pasca-splenektomi mempunyai jumlah netrofil, limfosit total, jumlah limfosit T, jumlah limfosit T CD4+ dan CD8+ yang lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok non- splenektomi. Tidak ada perbedaan respons imun spesifik kualitatif yang bermakna di antara pasien talasemia mayor. Setelah intervensi, hanya 18 dari 28 subjek kadar seng serum kelompok seng yang menjadi normal. Walaupun fagositositosis neutrofil hanya berubah dari 31,36 (4 sampai 81)% menjadi 30,44 (3 sampai 72)% (p = 0,554), namun terdapat kecenderungan perbaikan fagositosis neutrofil pada kelompok seng. Parameter respons imun lainnya tidak menunjukkan perubahan antara kelompok seng dan plasebo selama penelitian 12 minggu (p > 0,05).Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan respons imun antara pasien talasemia pasca-splenektomi dan non-splenektomi. Belum dapat dibuktikan pengaruh suplementasi seng pada hampir semua parameter respons imun pasien talasemia mayor pasca-splenektomi. Seng mungkin dapat direkomendasikan sebagai suplementasi, tetapi perlu penelitian lanjutan mengenai dosis dan lama pemberian yang tepat untuk perbaikan respons imun pasien talasemia mayor pasca-splenektomi.

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Introduction: Immune response plays a role in increasing thalassemia patient?s susceptibility to infections. Zinc deficiency in thalassemia patients will alter immune response. The aim of this study is to evaluate immune response of thalassemia major and zinc supplementation effects on immune response quality of post-splenectomy thalassemia major.

Methods: This study was conducted at Thalassaemia Centre, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta on September 2013 ? February 2014. An observational study using comparative cross-sectional method was done in healthy non- and post-splenectomy thalassemia major aged > 12 year and HIV negative. Then, it was followed by an interventional study using randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial, on post- splenectomy subjects, which were assigned to receive 1.5 mg/kg/d maximum 50 mg/d zinc or placebo. Moreover, 2 type of immunization were also administered in order to assess T lymphocyte function. The outcomes were non-specific (neutrophil count and phagocytosis) and specific immune response (quantitave and qualitative). Qualitative specific immune response measured by detecting IgG pneumococcal, IL-2 and TNF-α after PHA exposure.

Results: Median of neutrophil phagocytosis on post-splenectomy and non-splenectomy were 29.79 (4 to 81)% and 55.83 (2 to 133)% (p < 0.001). Post-splenectomy subjects have higher neutrophil count, total lymphocyte count, lymphocyte T count, lymphocyte T CD4+ and CD8+ than non-splenectomy. There is no significant difference on qualitative specific immune response among thalassemia major. Following the intervention, only 18 out of 28 subjects of zinc group had normal plasma zinc. There was a trend of neutrophil phagocytosis improvement on zinc group despite a little shifting on those value, from 31.36 (range 4 to 81)% to 30.44 (3 to 72)% (p = 0.554). Other immune response parameters showed no different changes between two groups after 12 weeks supplementation (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: There were significant differences on immune response of post- splenectomy and non-splenectomy patients. The significant changes on almost all of immune response parameter after zinc supplementation have not been proved yet. Addition of zinc supplementation may be recommended, but it need further study to evaluate the dose and duration of supplementation to improve immune response in splenectomised thalassemia major patients."

"Insidens kasus tuberkulosis (TBC) anak di Indonesia diperkirakan mencapai 11,7% dari total kasus. Tidak semua individu terpapar TBC akan menjadi sakit, namun kemungkinan reaktivasi lebih tinggi pada anak , terutama pada anak di bawah lima tahun. Kontak serumah lebih berisiko. Studi menyatakan Vitamin D dan Seng berperan dalam peningkatan imunitas. Namun penelitian tentang pemberian suplementasi vitamin D dan Seng serta upaya perbaikan nutrisi dalam pencegahan infeksi TBC pada balita belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian infeksi TBC dengan pemberian suplementasi dan konseling diet pada balita kontakserumah TBC paru terkonfirmasi bakteriologis di DKI Jakarta. Kami melakukan penelitian quasi eksperimen pada balita kontak serumah TBC paru bakteriologis di 25 kecamatan di DKI Jakarta. Kelompok intervensi diberikan vitamin D 400-600 IU/hari dan Seng 10-20mg/hari tergantung usia selama 3 bulan serta konseling diet pada orang tua. Balita yang masuk dalam sampel adalah balita yang tidak terinfeksi dan atau sakit TBC, tidak gizi buruk, HIV negative dan tidak menderita penyakit kronis lain. Setiap bulan dilakukan recall diet 24 jam untuk mengukur nutrisi dan status gizi. Setelah 3 bulan akan dihitung balita yang terinfeksi dan tidak dengan menggunakan tes tuberculin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, insidens kumulatif infeksi TBC pada kelompok intervensi 5% sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 23%. Pemberian intervensi meningkatkan konsumsi vitamin D pada balita yakni dari 3 mcg menjadi 14,9 mcg dan Seng 3.8 mg menjadi 18.2 mg. Pada balita terinfeksi, konsumsi vitamin D dan Seng lebih rendah.

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The incidence of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is estimated to be 11.7% of total TB cases. Not all individuals exposed to TB will become ill, but the likelihood of reactivation is higher in children, especially children under five years old. Household contacts are more at risk. Studies suggest that vitamin D and zinc play a role in boosting immunity. However, research on vitamin D and zinc supplementation and nutritional improvement efforts in preventing tuberculosis infection in children under five years of age has not been conducted. This study aims to determine the effect of supplementation and dietary counseling in preventing TB infection in young children with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB in DKI Jakarta. We conducted a quasi-experimental study among infants with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB home contacts in 25 subdistricts in DKI Jakarta. The intervention group received vitamin D 400-600 IU/day and Zinc 10-20mg/day depending on age for 3 months, as well as nutritional counseling for parents. Included in the sample were infants who were not infected and/or sick with TB, not malnourished, HIV negative, and not suffering from any other chronic diseases. A 24-hour dietary recall to measure diet and nutritional status was conducted every month. After 3 months, infected and uninfected children were counted using the tuberculin test. Based on the results of the study, the cumulative incidence of TB infection was 5% in the intervention group and 23% in the control group. The intervention increased vitamin D consumption in toddlers from 3 mcg to 14.9 mcg and zinc from 3.8 mg to 18.2 mg. Vitamin D and zinc intake was lower among infected infants."