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"Wound healing is a biological response that occurs following a trauma or pathologic condition of the oral mucosa. Wounds require proper management so they may heal faster and without complication. The number of fibroblast cells seen in the oral mucosa is a strong indicator of wound healing. In the remodelling phase of wound healing, fibroblast cell proliferation decreases as collagen fibres are synthesized. Noni leaf (Morinda citrifolia L.), a part of the noni plant, is traditionally used to heal soft tissue wounds in Indonesia. The leaves have potential chemical compounds that may be useful in the wound repair process. Objective: This paper aims to examine the effect of ethanol based pastes of the Indonesian noni leaf on oral mucosa wound healing by investigating visual wound closure and fibroblast cell counts in Wistar rats. Methods: Rats were divided into 2 control groups and 4 treatment groups. The pastes were formulated in concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% and were applied onto wounds of the oral mucosa of the rats. One control group was given no medication and the other control group had an ethanol gel with a concentration of 10% noni leaf extract applied to their intraoral wounds. Result: Result revealed that all groups treated with noni leaf paste experienced better wound closure (p<0.05) when compared to the control groups. Fibroblast cell counts showed little significance amongst all groups (p=0.143), however fibroblast cell counts of groups treated with noni leaf paste, of all concentrations, were lower than both control groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that topical application of noni leaf paste promotes better oral mucosa wound healing than gel formulas but shows no significant difference in the amounts of fibroblasts during the remodelling phase."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengenai pengaruh keberadaan Taman Nasional terhadap pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati dan nilai pelajaran biologi siswa SMU. Pelaksanaannya dilakukan di SMUN-SMUN sekitar Taman Nasional Way Kambas pada tahun 1995/1996.Pengumpulan data untuk pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati dilakukan melalui angket yang sebeiumnya sudah diujicobakan di SMUN-SMUN Kodya Bandar Lampung, sedangkan data pelajaran biologi berasal dari catur wulan 1,11,111. Penelitian terhadap 212 siswa menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati adalah 6,3 (nilai terendah 5,9 dan tertinggi 6,8). Nilai rata-rata paling tinggi berasal dari siswa SMUN Kota Gajah. Niiai rata-rata siswa seluruh SMUN dikategorikan sedang.Kunjungan yang dilakukan secara pribadi oleh siswa tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati siswa. Niiai rata-rata pelajaran biologi adalah 6,3 (nilai terendah 5,8 dan tertingg 6,8) dan nilai paling tinggi diperoleh siswa SMUN Way Jepara. Nilai rata-rata seluruh siswa SMUN dikategorikan sedang. Kunjungan siswa secara pribadi oleh siswa berpengaruh terhadap prestasi pelajaran biologi. Kunjungan secara ekstrakurikuler tidak terlaksana. Tidak ada korelasi antara pengetahuan keanekaragaman hayati dengan nilai pelajaran biologi.

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ABSTRACT

Indonesia is a megadiversity country (KLH, 1993). However, species extinction has been concern, among others due to primary forest exploitation (Turner et al. 1994). National parks are the last refuges of primary forest. Therefore, through the formal education. processes the sustainbility of biodiversity is hopely guaranteed (Walhi, 1995). This research has been conducted on the highschool (SMU) surrounding the Way Kambas National Park, Central Lampung province. The questionnaries have been used to gather the knowledge on biodiversity among students of the SMU, while the grades on biology have been gathereed through their quarterly points (reported by teachers).

The results showed that ;

There is-no corelation between the biology grades and the knowledge on biodiversity among the 212 students. There is no relation on distance of the school to the national park and the knowledge on biodiversity and the grades on biology. The is no organized visit by the school to the park.

It is recommended that :

The schools must used more properly the Way Kambas National Park to increase and improve the quality of their formal educational programs. The Way Kambas National Park management must make extension program more effectively, especially for the surrounding schools. The research must be extended to other national park of the country, for more understanding of the value of national park to the nations."

"Penggunaan agen biologi di laboratorium selain memiliki dampak negatif juga memiliki dampak positif. Dampak negatif yang muncul dalam penggunaan agen biologi di laboratorium adalah timbulnya risiko infeksi pada pekerja akibat bahan-bahan biologi berbahaya. Selain itu, dampak negatif lainnya adalah munculnya risiko penyalahgunaan agen biologi oleh pihak-pihak tertentu. Universitas Indonesia yang memiliki tujuan untuk menjadi universitas riset, harus juga memperhatikan hal tersebut. Dampak-dampak negatif yang dapat muncul dari penggunaan bahan biologi tersebut dapat ditanggulangi dengan menerapkan biorisk management yang dapat melindungi pekerja maupun lingkungan sekitar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi dari biorisk management yang terdapat di laboratorium COE IBR-GS FMIPA UI yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan standar WHO, CDC, dan Laboratory Biosafety Guideline yang dikeluarkan pemerintah Kanada. Dalam laboratorium COE IBRGS, sudah terdapat beberapa sistem yang mendukung keselamatan dan kesehatan bagi pekerja. Namun, terdapat beberapa komponen dari biorisk management yang belum dilaksanakan, tidak sesuai, dan harus diperbaiki.

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The use of biological agents in the laboratory in addition to having positive impact also has a a negative impact. Negative impact that arise in the use of biological agents in the laboratory is the emergence of an infection risk to workers due to hazardous biological materials. In addition, other negative impact is the emergence of the risk of misuse of biological agents by certain parties. University of Indonesia, which has a goal to become a research university, must also pay attention to it. Negative impacts that may arise from the use of biological materials can be overcome by applying biorisk management that can protect workers and the environment.

The purpose of this study is to know the implementation of the biorisk management in the laboratory COE IBR-GS FMIPA UI which analyzed using the standard WHO, CDC, and the Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines from Canadian government. In the laboratory COE IBR-GS, there have been some systems that support the safety and health for workers. However, there are several components of the biorisk management have not been implemented, not appropriate, and should be improved."

"ABSTRAKKesehatan merupakan faklor paling utama dalam kehidupan. baik bagi diri sendiri, keluarga, masyarakat dan bangsa. Bioterorisme merupakan ancaman yang harus diantisipasi oleh setiap negara, termasuk Indonesia. Tanpa kesiapan yang memadai, dapat menimbulkan gangguan diberbagai bidang. Selain gangguan keamanan, juga berdampak pada industri perunggasan, peternakan, kegiatan pariwisata, tenaga kerja (meningkatnya jumlah pengangguran), sosial-ekonomi, politis, dan gangguan terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan hak-hak dasar manusia, terutama kesehatan. Merebaknya wabah penyakit menular di Indonesia erat kaitannya dengan praktik terorisme, seperti wabah flu burung ,wabah antraks maupun wabah polio(lumpuh layu)_ Penggunaan senjata biologi ini sangat mungkin dilakukan dan mempunyai dampak yang sangat mengerikan karena dijalarkan melalui kontaminasi, visibilitas rendah,daya kembang yang tinggi, mudah didapat, bisa dikembangkan dengan biaya yang murah dan penyebarannya cukup mudah serta tidak berakibat pada struktur yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis melalui peneliliaan kepustakaan dan survey lapangan serta wawancara dengan para pakar untuk mendapatkan datalinformasi. Dan sebagian menggunakan pendekatan kuanlitatif, yakni teknik Analitical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan alternatif strategi berupa saran yang sebaiknya digunakan untuk menghadapi potensi ancaman senjata biologi sebagai upaya dalam menunjang Ketahanan Nasional Indonesia, maka diperoleh beberapa alternatif cara sebagai berikut:Alternatif pertama adalah Segera membuat Undang-undang secara khusus yang menangani akibal kejahatan senjata biologi. Alternatif kedua adalah Memperketat sistem keamanan terhadap laboratorium-laboratorium yang terindikasi dapat membuat senjata biologi. Alternatif ketiga adalah Kerja sama dengan seluruh instansi terkait di tingkat nasional dan mengadakan jaringan kerjasama internasional.

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ABSTRACT

Health is the most important thing in human life, for our life, family, society, and our nation. Bioterrorism is the threat that to be anticipated by all countries including also Indonesia. With not enough preparedness will impact on various sector.In addition to security threat also will impact on the poultry husbandry, animal husbandry, tourism, labor force (increasing jobless quantity), socio economic, politics, and effect on unfulfilled the basic requirements, mainly on the health. The spread of disease (epidemic) in Indonesia is suspected link closely to terrorism threat, e.g. bird flue, anthrax also polio. Using biological weapon is possible implemented and will lead to worst condition because disseminate by contamination, low visibility, high potency, easy for delivery, developed with low cost and easy to spread and also will cause no damage to existing infrastructure. The method used for this research is analytical descriptive using library study, field survey and interviewing with expert to get the data and information. In addition also quantitative approach using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine alternative strategy and suggestion for facing the threat of biological weapon in order supporting Indonesian National Resilience. hence obtained several alternatives as follows : The first alternative is to make regulation or law urgently and specifically on the crime of biological weapon. The second alternative is to make strictly security system on the laboratories that potentially can be used for producing biological weapon. The third alternative is build cooperation of all the related institution on the national level and expanded further with internationally cooperation."

"Pandanaceae is one of the three large and important families within the Monocotyledoneae consisting of approximately 900 species found in the Old World Tropis...."