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"The growth and development of bone play an important role in orthodontics, were bone calcification can be used the estimate bone maturity for diagnosis and treatment planning. Nutritional status during pregnancy and infant period will influence the growth and development stages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to restore calcium and phosphorus in bone after pre- and postnatal calcium deficiency. Three groups of Rattus norvegicus rats were used in the experiments. The first group was the control group with standard diet, the second was infant group with pre- and postnatal calcium deficiency, and the third group consisted of young rats at weaning age with pre- and postnatal calcium deficiency but supplemented with enough calcium in the diet. Bone calcification stages were analyzed 1) histologically by measuring epiphyseal width on right femur, 2) by measuring calcium and phosphorus concentration on left femur with spectropometry, atomic absorbtion and UV spectroscopy. The data were analyzed by one way Anova and t testing. The results showed that there were significant differences in the epiphyseal width and in calcium and phosphorus concentrations between all three groups (p<0.01). It was concluded that bone calcification damage because of pre- and postnatal calcium deficiency was an irreversible process. Calcium supplement after bone calcification could not restore the condition."

"Evaluation of individual maturity status takes an important role in selecting of the orthodontic treatment plans, especially for the growing age patient. This is mostly related to use of functional appliances and surgical approaches in some cases of skeletal discrepancy. Previous researches have demonstrated the significant correlation between the mandible length and the cervical vertebrae maturation in Deutero-Malay group. The significant correlation between the cervical vertebrae and the middle phalanx maturity, and the dental calcification within group of Deutero-malay has been proven. Objective: To confirm the correlation between the mandible length and the dental calcification. Methods: This way an observational research with a cross sectional design, done on 160 Deutero-malay subjects, aged 8-16 years. The length of mandible was measured from Condylion to Gnathion, and the dental calcification was evaluated by Demirjian method. Result: of Spearman nonparametric correlation (r=0.713), the second premolar (r=0.753), and the second molar (r=0.772). The result of Multiple Classification Analysis showed that the highest correlation to the mandible length was the second molar calcification (B=0.495)."

"Mikrokalsifikasi payudara merupakan salah satu tanda awal dalam deteksi dini kanker payudara. Pencitraan ultrasonografi payudara telah banyak digunakan karena bersifat real time, dan radiasi yang dimanfaatkan bukanlah radiasi ionisasi sehingga lebih aman jika dibandingkan mammografi yang memiliki efek radiobiologi. Namun, citra ultrasonografi payudara ini memiliki keterbatasan resolusi spasial dan noise yang dapat menimbulkan kesalahan dalam pembacaan hasil oleh ahli radiologi. Pada penelitian ini, penulis akan melakukan suatu penelitian terkait pemanfaatan deteksi citra ultrasonografi payudara dengan bantuan komputer, atau yang biasa disebut dengan CADe (Computer Aided Detection). Metode yang akan dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode Convolutional Neural Networking CNN) untuk proses klasifikasi citra. Dan proses segmentasi dengan metode K-means Clustering untuk penentuan letak klasifikasi payudara. Nilai akurasi dari proses klasifikasi dengan sistem CNN adalah sebesar 88.52% dengan sensitivitas 90.32%. Sedangkan untuk segmentasi citra diperoleh sensitivitas 76.72% dengan 3 FP/ pasien.

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Breast microcalcification is one of the early signs in early detection of breast cancer. Breast ultrasound imaging has been widely used because it is real time, and the radiation used is not ionizing radiation, so it is safer than mammography which has radiobiological effects. However, this breast ultrasound image has limited spatial resolution and noise that can lead to errors in reading the results by the radiologist. In this study, the author will conduct a study related to the use of computer-assisted breast ultrasound image detection, or commonly known as CADe (Computer Aided Detection). The method that will be used is the Convolutional Neural Networking (CNN) method for the image classification process. And the segmentation process using the K-means Clustering method to determine the location of the breast classification. The accuracy value of the classification process with the CNN system is 88.52% with a sensitivity of 90.32%. Meanwhile, for image segmentation, the sensitivity is 76.72% with 3 FP/patient. "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengembangkan Computer Aided Diagnose (CAD) CT jantung pasiendewasa dengan menggunakan metode segmentasi deformable dan Frangi filter. Metode segmentasi deformable dan Frangi filter untuk mendapatkan posisi kalsifikasi di dalam maupun di luar arteri koroner. Setelah itu, kalsifikasi yang terdapat di dalam arteri koroner dihitung skor kalsium menggunakan metode skor Agatson dan dihitung persentase luasannya terhadap luaspembuluh darah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara skor kalsium, persentase penyempitan pembuluh darah dengan tingkat keparahan risiko penyakit jantung. Metode segmentasi deformable dan Frangi filter dapat menunjukan secara visual posisi kalsifikasi yang terdapat pada pembuluh darah arteri koroner untuk 4 cabang utama, yaitu left main (LM), left circumflex (LCx), left anterior descending (LAD), and right coronary arteries (RCA). Pada pengukuran persentase plak pada pembuluh darah, nilai persentase terendah adalah 20% sedangkan nilai persentase tertinggi adalah 75%. Tingkat risiko penyakit jantung koroner dapat diprediksi sebanding dengan nilai persentase plak pada pembuluh darah. Sementara itu, Perhitungan skor kalsium sesuai dengan hasil evaluasi dokter dalam penentuan stadium risiko penyakit jantung

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ABSTRACTThis research developed Computer Aided Diagnose (CAD) CT heart of adult patients by using deformable segmentation method and Frangi filter. Method of deformable segmentation and Frangi filter to obtain the position of calcification inside and outside the coronary artery. Furthermore, calcification found in the coronary artery was calculated by calcium score using Agatson score method and calculated percentage of extent to blood vessel area to know correlation between calcium score, percentage of narrowing of bloodvessels with the severity of risk of heart disease. The deformable segmentation method and Frangi filter can show visually the position of calcification contained in coronary artery vein for 4 main branches, ie left main (LM), left circumflex (LCx), left anterior descending (LAD), and right coronary arteries (RCA ). In calculating the percentage of plaque on blood vessels, the lowest percentage value is 20% while the highest percentage value is 75%. Therisk of coronary heart disease is proportional to the percentage of plaque in blood vessels. Meanwhile, calcium score calculation is accordance with the results of the evaluation of the doctor in determining the stage of risk of heart disease"