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"Criminal action has shown progressive increase in quality or quantity. To solve criminal cases, important data are needed in identifying individuals. The method of lip print (LP) identification can be applied in certain cases when lip prints can be found in e.g. spoon, glass, fruit etc. The prints can be analyzed in principle to reveal the characteristics of lip position. A study was conducted to compare the normal lip print with open, smile and kiss positions of the lips. Lip prints of 44 students of the University of Indonesia were taken by using transparent cellotape. The pattern types of the lip prints on 8 quadrants were determined using the method of Suzuki, and Mann-Whitney test to 95% confidence limit was used to indicate statistical significance. The results indicate that for the types of LP in all quadrants, there is no difference of between the types of LP from open, smile, kiss or normal position. In conclusion, while the pattern of lip print is specific for an individual and useful for identification, there are no significant differences between the pattern types of LP and normal lip position."

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" Fractures are a common finding in children and it is estimated that 2.1% of all children will suffer at least one fracture before the age of 16. With young children in particular, the question may arise if this is related to child abuse. The aim of this book is to help physicians involved in child abuse cases to interpret radiological findings in light of the forensic circumstances under which they occurred. The authors present up-to-date literature related to the mechanisms underlying non-accidental cases of trauma. In this book not only the radiological findings in child-abuse are discussed, but more importantly, these findings are analyzed from a forensic perspective. Careful attention is paid to evidence regarding reported trauma mechanisms and their clinical outcome; for example, can a fall from a couch result in a femoral fracture, and if not, where is the supporting evidence?"

"A virtopsy (virtual autopsy) is a minimally invasive alternative that can produce an efficient autopsy. The range of technologies employed in virtopsies include computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, and 3D photogrammetry and surface scanning.Charred, badly decomposed, or mummified corpses, as well as those restrictions forced upon coroners by certain religious sects, often make autopsies impossible to perform. In addition, lack of manpower among the personnel charged with performing autopsies frequently creates a backlog of cases in the coroner's office. This delay increases the likelihood that causes of death will go undetermined and criminal perpetrators will go unpunished. The solution can be found in what has come to be known as the virtopsy®, a minimally invasive and efficient way to perform an autopsy."